Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Periodontology > Dental Plaque > Flashcards

Dental Plaque Flashcards

1
Q

definition of dental plaque

A

an organized mass, consisting mainly of MICROORGANISMS EMBEDDED IN A MATRIX OF GLYCOPROTEINS that ADHERES TO TEETH, PROSTHESES, AND ORAL SURFACES which is found in the GINGIVAL CREVICE AND PERIODONTAL POCKETS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

definition of biofilm

A

a MULTI-SPECIES COMMUNITY of micro-organisms that ADHERE to EACH OTHER AND A SURFACE and are ENCASED IN AN EXTRA-CELLULAR MATRIX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

environments that biofilm can grow in

A 
minerals and metals 
underwater
underground 
above ground 
plant tissues
animal tissues
implanted medical devices
catheters and pacemakers

PERIODICALLY OR CONTINUOUSLY SUFFUSED WITH WATER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

fossil evidence of biofilm?

A

dates back to 3.25 billion years ago in the deep-sea hydrothermal rocks of the pilbara -craton in australia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when does biofilm FORMATION begin

A

when free-floating micro-organisms come in contact with an appropriate surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when does biofilm ATTACHMENT begin

A

when the microorganisms produce an EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE MATRIX (ESP) – which is a network of sugars, proteins, and nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when does biofilm GROWTH occur?

A

when further layer os microorganisms and EPS build upon the first layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE MATRIX definition?

A

network of sugars, proteins , and nucleic acids which facilitate the attachment of the biofilm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what determines the extent of growth of a biofilm?

A

the environmental conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

advantages of microorganisms living in a biofilm?

A

communities of microbes are usually MORE RESILIENT TO STRESS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the composition of dental plaque?

- general percentage breakdown

A

80% water

20% solid material
- 35% cellular and 65% extracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the composition of dental plaque?

A
  1. microorganisms
  2. extracellular polysaccharide matrix (organic)
    - 95% dextran , 5% levan
  3. bacterial by-products - enzymes food debris, desquamated cells
  4. calcium and phosphate (inorganic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

breakdown of extracellular polysacharide matrix in dental plaque

A

95 % dextran

5% levan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

structural traits of oral micro-organisms

A
  1. cocci
  2. bacilli
  3. spirilla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

definition of aerobe

A

a microorganisms that can live and grow in the presence of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

definition of anearobe
faculative?
obligate?

A

a microorganisms that can live in partial or complete absence of oxygen

faculative – capable of existing under different conditions, either aerobic or anaerobic

obligate – only anaerobic conditions, strictly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describe commensal micro-organisms

A

most of these exist in our oral cavity in SYMBIOTIC capacity 0 maintaining relationships with the host that are based on MUTUAL BENEFITS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

commensal micro-organisms present in oral cavity

A
  1. streptococcus
  2. actinomyces
  3. veillonella
  4. fusobacterium
  5. porphymonas
  6. prevotella
  7. treponema
  8. nisseria
  9. haemophilis
  10. eubacteria
  11. lactobacterium
  12. capnocytophaga
  13. eikenella
  14. leptotrichia
  15. peptostreptococci
  16. staphylococcus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how do bacteria communicate?

describe this?

A

QUORUM SENSIN

  • bacteria use this to coordinate gene expression
  • SECRETE A SIGNALING MOLECULE - AUTOINDUCER – to regulate gene TRANSCRIPTION as a response
20
Q

when a bacteria is adhering to a surface .. what does it depend on?

A

intricate, specific series of INTERACTIONS B/W THE SURFACE TO BE COLONIZED, THE MICROBE, AND AN AMBIENT FLUID MILIEU (environment)

21
Q

4 main steps in formation

A
  1. acquired pellicle
  2. bacterial ADHESION
  3. growth of extracellular matrix
  4. formation of a moroe complex and mature biofilm
22
Q

nutrition for bacteria in deeper pockets?

A

major source comes from the periodontal tissues and blood

these bacteria produce enzymes that cause periodontal destruction

23
Q

primary colonization by who?

A

facultative anaerobic GRAM POSITIVE COCCI

24
Q

after primary colonization? 24 hours later?

A

plaque consists of mainly streptococci : S Sanguis

25
Q

after the 24 hour colonization period what accumlates?

A

more gram positive filaments - particularly Actinomyces species predominating in the LATER STAGES

26
Q

what allow adherence of gram - negativve organisms? examples of these?

A

the surface receptors of gram-positive organisms

the gram negative that are adhering are Veilonella and Fusobacteria

27
Q

formation of sub-gingival plaque consist mainly of?

A

ANAEROBIC SPECIES – GRAM-NEGATIVE SPIROCHETE AND BACILLI

28
Q

what contributes to different types of plaque evolving at different locations?

A

the influence of the local environmental factors

29
Q

what promotes the growth of gram negative bacterial species with an increased periodontopathic potential?

A

the availability of blood and gingival fluid components

30
Q

what factors affect plaque formation?

A
  1. anatomical factors
    - likek palatal/lingual incisors, crowding, malocclusion, furcations
  2. iatrogenic factors
    - like poor restorations, caries, dental calculus, pontic desing, margins , overcontoured restorations
  3. diet and ph
31
Q

if increase glucose what happens?

A

the ph will decrease because the bacteria s mutans will ferment sugars to produce acid

  • these thrive in low ph environments and utalize the DIETARY SUCROSE – for the synthesis of ADHERENT GLUCANS VIA GTF - that faciliates the accumulation and adherence of dental plaque to tooth surfaces
32
Q

T/F tea, raisins, and apples can decrease plaque formation?

A

TRUE

33
Q

name the distinct ecological niches that bacteria live?

A
  1. tongue - especially the DORSUM
  2. buccal mucosa
  3. teeth
  4. saliva or gingival crevicular fluid
34
Q

70% of oral bacteria are what gram…?

and what shape?

A

70% gram positive

and are streptococci

35
Q

the gingival crevicular fluid is rich in what?

A

antibodies

presence of more fluid indicates inflammation because in health there is a very small amount of this coming from the sulcus

36
Q

how do we assess plaque clinically?

A
  • iodine
  • gentian violet
  • erythrosin
  • basic fuchsin
  • fast green
  • food dyes
  • fluorescein
  • two-tone disclosing agent

*come in tablet or liquid form

37
Q

what happens to plaque if it is not removed?

A

CALCULUS BUILDS UP ON IT

38
Q

Composition of calculus in the early stages?

A
  1. octacalcium phosphate
  2. hydroxyapatite
  3. tricalcium phosphate or whitelockite
  4. brushite (early stages)
39
Q

how long does it take for plaque to cause gingivitis?

A

10-21 DAYS!

40
Q

Loe’s experimental gingivitis in man

A

12 subjects average age of 23 years old

phase 1 - extreme plaque control

phase 2 – take away the oral hygiene –> resulted in MARGINAL GINGIVITIS IN ALL SUBJECTS

phase 3 –> resume plawue control and you can get rid of the inflammation / gingivitis

41
Q

what is the non-specific plaque hypothesis?

specific?

A

only the QUANTITY of bacteria mass is important and the abundant amount of plawue can cause the disease

QUANTITY > QUALITY / TYPE

specific
- QUALITY / TYPE > QUANTITY

42
Q

ecological plaque hypothesis?

A

a change in key ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS will cause a SHIFT IN THE BALANCE of residual bacteria species, which could then predispose a site to disease

43
Q

Koch’s postulates

A
  1. pure cultures must be obtained
  2. must be able to isolated from diseased tissues
  3. must cause disease
44
Q

modified koch’s postulate

A

PERIODONTAL DISEASES DO NOT READILY FOLLOW KOCH’S POSTULATES
- it explains diseases that are caused by a single infective pathogen- monoinfections

**Periodontal disease have several potential pathogens..they are POLYINFECTIONS OR MIXED INFECTIONS

45
Q

what is the most significant environmental ris factor for both dental caries and periodontal inflammatory disease?

A

BACTERIA IN THE BIO-FILM KNOWN AS DENTAL PLAQUE

THE ASSOCIATION OF MICROBIAL SPECIES WITH THE ONSET OF PERIO DISEASE has greatlyy strengthened the belief that the periodontal diseases are OPPORTUNISTIC infections

BACTERIAL PLAQUE IS THE MAIN ETIOLOGY OF PERIO DISEASE

46
Q

what is the general shift from gingivitis to periodontitis?

A

this shift DEPENDS ON HOST FACTORS and the nature of the bacteria

an IMMUNE - INFLAMMATORY response develops in the periodontal tissues in the chronic presence of plaque bacteria and results in the destruction of the periodontal structures

Periodontology (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions