Chemotherapeutics Flashcards
What is the chemotherapeutic agent to treat periodontitis
NONE – no chemothehrapeutics can treat periodontitis
percentage of chlorohexidine in mouthwashes available by prescription
0.12%
Mouthwashes substantivity
want this to be high
like chlorohexidine BINDS to some things
dont want low – because it will rinse out of the oral cavity too quickly
gold standard of mouth washes
chlorohexidine
gum butler version of chlorohexidine
no alcohol - so good for patients that are recovering alcoholics or do not want it in their wash
substantivity of chlorohexidine and characteristics and use
between 12-18 hours
2x a day
alcohol content is 12% and pH is 5.5
it is positively charged and is attracted to the surfaces of the teeth and oral soft tissues
middle of the road mouthwashes effects in terms of plaque
they have plaque inhibitory effects but LACK ANY TRUE ANTO-PLAQUE effectts
-these include listerine
listerine characteristics
- considered an essential oil
- 26.9% alcohol and pH of 5.0 - non prescription phenolic compound containing essential oils
-
active ingredient in listerine
essential oils
why alcohol in mouthwashes
so the active ingredients to stay effective and not denature
is listerine charged and implicatino
no - so low substantivity (unlike chlorohexidine)
method of action in listerine
alterations in the bacterial cell wall
method of action in listerine
alterations in the bacterial cell wall
adjunctive therapies to plaque removal
very limited
CPC?
active ingredient in the ‘bottom of the barrel’ of mouth washes
CPC?
Cetyl pyridinium chloride
active ingredient in the ‘bottom of the barrel’ of mouth washes
0.05% in Cepacol or scope 0.045%
use of iodine?
prevention in skin infections and treatment of wounds
- broad spectrum bactericide - effective against yeasts, molds, bacteria,
use of Povidone iodine?
prevention in skin infections and treatment of wounds
- broad spectrum bactericide - effective against yeasts, molds, fungi, viruses and proteases
stannous flouride
also the additional benefit of inhibiting plaque accumulation
oxygenating agents
hydrogen peroxide and buffered sodium peroxyborate and peroxycarbonate in mouth rinses have a beneficial effect probably by inhibiting ANEROBIC bacteria
- as obligate anerobes are important in development of gingivitis and periodontitis
down fall of oxygenating agents
most bacteria that are anaerobic and involved in periodontitis are subgingival
down fall of oxygenating agents
most bacteria that are anaerobic and involved in periodontitis are subgingival
are there ADA approved products in terms of oxygenating agents
NO
pre-brushing rinse?
no effect on plaque what so ever
plax - active ingredient?
contain detergents
- pre brush rinse
- worthless
- claims to loose plaque prior to brushing
7.5% alcohol
sodium benzoate and that combined with soaping agents may have a surfactant action on plaque
not ADA approved
plax - active ingredient?
contain detergents
- pre brush rinse
- worthless
- claims to loose plaque prior to brushing
7.5% alcohol
sodium benzoate and that combined with soaping agents may have a surfactant action on plaque
not ADA approved
dentifrices and general use
toothepaste
promote oral hygiene
- aid in removal of plaque removal from teeth
- elimination and or masking of halitosis and as a delivery agent for active ingredients such as fluoride
dentifrices and general use
toothepaste
promote oral hygiene
- aid in removal of plaque removal from teeth
- elimination and or masking of halitosis and as a delivery agent for active ingredients such as fluoride
essential cleaning in tooth paste and brushing
more mechanical action of brushing than the paste active chemicals
dentifrices and general use
toothepaste
promote oral hygiene
- aid in removal of plaque removal from teeth
- elimination and or masking of halitosis and as a delivery agent for active ingredients such as fluoride
so
- minimize plaque build up
- provide an anti-caries effect
- remove stain
- freshen breath
essential cleaning in tooth paste and brushing
more mechanical action of brushing than the paste active chemicals
tarter control in dentifrices?
tarter = calculus
tarter aka
calculus
triclosan
broad spectrum anit-microbrial
- can be found in mouth rinses and toothpastes in europe but ONLY AVAILABLE in COLGATE TOTAL
COLGATE TOTAL importance
triclosan and its ability to be anti-gingivitis
co-polymer with triclosan
protects stability of the molecule
increases the substantivity of triclosan
COLGATE TOTAL importance
triclosan and its ability to be anti-gingivitis
- paste has demonstrated anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis properties that have earned FDA approval and ADA acceptance for its ability to prevent and reduce gingivitis
co-polymer with triclosan
protects stability of the molecule
increases the substantivity of triclosan
questions about triclosan
chlorinated aromatics - containing one or more benzene rings with one or more chlorine atoms bound to carbon atoms
- toxic chlorinated dioxins and furans and PCB’s
parodontax
has stannous flouride which helps with plaque accumulation and claims to reduce by 40%
- says it helps to prevent bleeding gums
- but any toothepaste can do this as long s brushing correctly
irrigation of the periodontal tissues?
never a mono-treatment
- adjunctive therapy
- hjelp suppress bacterial etiologic agents
- supra- and sub- gingival irrigation is to non- specifically reduce microbial deposits that may induce periodontal diseases
