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BMS2011 > Dental Anatomy Part 3 > Flashcards

Dental Anatomy Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What does distance b/w adjacent striations represent?

A

Daily rate of enamel secretion.

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2
Q

What does the Retzius line represent?

A

position of developing enamel

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3
Q

When retzius line reaches tooth surface, it is called..

A

Perikymata

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4
Q

What is Perikymata?

A

An external ridge. Circle tooth crown.

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5
Q

What does green line and blue arrow on slide 5 represent?

A

green line = birth. Blue arrow = death

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6
Q

What do the lines (apart from green and blue) in slide 5 indicate?

A

Specific post-natal stress

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7
Q

Compare the development, initiation and eruption of neanderthal teeth to that of modern humans?

A
  • Neanderthal teeth form over shorter period of time -> 8 yr old neanderthal shows a degree of development of several yrs older human.
  • Neanderthal, advanced dental initiation and eruption.
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8
Q

What are ameoblasts?

A
  • Cells

- Make Enamel

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9
Q

What is enamel hypoplasia?

A
  • Developmental defect

- disruption of ameoblasts during formation of enamel matrix.

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10
Q

Where can enamel hypoplasia be observed?

A

External tooth surface

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11
Q

List factors responsible for interruption of ameoblast proliferation?

A

genetic and environmental anomalies:

  • Infection
  • Disease
  • Malnutrition
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12
Q

What do dental caries assess?

A

Dietary changes within and b/w past populations.

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13
Q

What was the prevalence of dental caries in past human populations (hunter-gatherers)?

A

Low

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14
Q

What is the prevalence of dental caries in current population?

A

High -> Sedentary lifestyle -> food preparation techniques break complex carbohydrates into simple sugars -> increased carbohydrate consumption.

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15
Q

What is the concentration (high or low?) of barium in new borns?

A

Placenta restricts crossing of barium from mother to foetus -> low conc

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16
Q

What is the concentration (high or low?) of barium during breastfeeding?

A

Highest

17
Q

What is the concentration (high or low?) of barium during weaning?

A

Lowest

18
Q

When do mother humans wean their babies?

A

Age: 2.5 years

19
Q

Do neanderthal have longer/shorter breastfeeding history? What does this indicate about their growth rate.

A

Shorter -> Accelerated growth rate.

20
Q

Up to what age do Australopithecus get breastfed?

A

5 yrs

21
Q

Which mammal has highest nursing period and what is it?

A

Orangutans; 6-8 yrs.

22
Q

At what age does increase in solid food intake in orangutans occur?

A

12-18 months.

23
Q

What type of environments do orangutans live in?

A

Highly seasonal; tropical rainforests

24
Q

What type of environments do Australopithecus live in?

A

Highly seasonal; Open grassland and wooded habitats

25
Q

What does tooth wear tell us?

A
  • How tooth was used.

- Food and occlusal contact -> loss of superficial enamel

26
Q

What do scratches and pits that cover tooth surface tell us?

A

Info on what animal ate.

27
Q

What does gross dental wear tell us?

A

Diet over lifetime.

28
Q

What is calculus tartar? What is dental calculus?

A
  • Biofilm (deposit) formed on teeth
  • Approach to reconstruct diet of past human populations.

1) . Release material in plaque (bacteria, protein, food remains)
2) . Analysis of remains -> info about diet of humans.

29
Q

List of some foods neanderthals ate?

A
  • Plants
  • Pine nuts
  • mushrooms
  • moss
30
Q

Were Neanderthals carnivores or herbivores? How do you know this?

A

Carnivores -> Analysis of faunal remains and stone tool tech

31
Q

Are there benefits or limitations to these techniques (Analysis of faunal remains and stone tool tech)? If limitation, does this cause under/overestimation of plant and animal consumption?

A

Limitation -> Overestimation of animal and under for plants.

32
Q

Did neanderthals explot different food sources? How do you know this?

A

Occupied many geographical areas (europe to near east) -> different environments -> Yes.

33
Q

What does taxonomic specific data indicate for neanderthals and early homosapiens?

A

Diet determined from ecological condition (relationship b/w organisms and environment).

34
Q

Did neanderthals and early homosapiens in cold environments eat only meat, plant or both? Compare these two species with inuits.

A

Carnivorous like inuits.

35
Q

Did neanderthals and early homosapiens in temperate, deciduous forests environments eat only meat, plant or both? Compare these two species with hunter gatherer.

A

Both -> similar to huntergatherer.

BMS2011 (14 decks)

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