Dental Anatomy Part 3

Question 1

What does distance b/w adjacent striations represent?

Answer 1

Daily rate of enamel secretion.

Question 2

What does the Retzius line represent?

Answer 2

position of developing enamel

Question 3

When retzius line reaches tooth surface, it is called..

Answer 3

Perikymata

Question 4

What is Perikymata?

Answer 4

An external ridge. Circle tooth crown.

Question 5

What does green line and blue arrow on slide 5 represent?

Answer 5

green line = birth. Blue arrow = death

Question 6

What do the lines (apart from green and blue) in slide 5 indicate?

Answer 6

Specific post-natal stress

Question 7

Compare the development, initiation and eruption of neanderthal teeth to that of modern humans?

Answer 7

• Neanderthal teeth form over shorter period of time -> 8 yr old neanderthal shows a degree of development of several yrs older human.
• Neanderthal, advanced dental initiation and eruption.

Question 8

What are ameoblasts?

Answer 8

• Cells

- Make Enamel

Question 9

What is enamel hypoplasia?

Answer 9

• Developmental defect

- disruption of ameoblasts during formation of enamel matrix.

Question 10

Where can enamel hypoplasia be observed?

Answer 10

External tooth surface

Question 11

List factors responsible for interruption of ameoblast proliferation?

Answer 11

genetic and environmental anomalies:

• Infection
• Disease
• Malnutrition

Question 12

What do dental caries assess?

Answer 12

Dietary changes within and b/w past populations.

Question 13

What was the prevalence of dental caries in past human populations (hunter-gatherers)?

Answer 13

Low

Question 14

What is the prevalence of dental caries in current population?

Answer 14

High -> Sedentary lifestyle -> food preparation techniques break complex carbohydrates into simple sugars -> increased carbohydrate consumption.

Question 15

What is the concentration (high or low?) of barium in new borns?

Answer 15

Placenta restricts crossing of barium from mother to foetus -> low conc

Question 16

What is the concentration (high or low?) of barium during breastfeeding?

Answer 16

Highest

Question 17

What is the concentration (high or low?) of barium during weaning?

Answer 17

Lowest

Question 18

When do mother humans wean their babies?

Answer 18

Age: 2.5 years

Question 19

Do neanderthal have longer/shorter breastfeeding history? What does this indicate about their growth rate.

Answer 19

Shorter -> Accelerated growth rate.

Question 20

Up to what age do Australopithecus get breastfed?

Answer 20

5 yrs

Question 21

Which mammal has highest nursing period and what is it?

Answer 21

Orangutans; 6-8 yrs.

Question 22

At what age does increase in solid food intake in orangutans occur?

Answer 22

12-18 months.

Question 23

What type of environments do orangutans live in?

Answer 23

Highly seasonal; tropical rainforests

Question 24

What type of environments do Australopithecus live in?

Answer 24

Highly seasonal; Open grassland and wooded habitats

Question 25

What does tooth wear tell us?

Answer 25

- How tooth was used. | - Food and occlusal contact -> loss of superficial enamel

Question 26

What do scratches and pits that cover tooth surface tell us?

Answer 26

Info on what animal ate.

Question 27

What does gross dental wear tell us?

Answer 27

Diet over lifetime.

Question 28

What is calculus tartar? What is dental calculus?

Answer 28

- Biofilm (deposit) formed on teeth - Approach to reconstruct diet of past human populations. 1) . Release material in plaque (bacteria, protein, food remains) 2) . Analysis of remains -> info about diet of humans.

Question 29

List of some foods neanderthals ate?

Answer 29

- Plants - Pine nuts - mushrooms - moss

Question 30

Were Neanderthals carnivores or herbivores? How do you know this?

Answer 30

Carnivores -> Analysis of faunal remains and stone tool tech

Question 31

Are there benefits or limitations to these techniques (Analysis of faunal remains and stone tool tech)? If limitation, does this cause under/overestimation of plant and animal consumption?

Answer 31

Limitation -> Overestimation of animal and under for plants.

Question 32

Did neanderthals explot different food sources? How do you know this?

Answer 32

Occupied many geographical areas (europe to near east) -> different environments -> Yes.

Question 33

What does taxonomic specific data indicate for neanderthals and early homosapiens?

Answer 33

Diet determined from ecological condition (relationship b/w organisms and environment).

Question 34

Did neanderthals and early homosapiens in cold environments eat only meat, plant or both? Compare these two species with inuits.

Answer 34

Carnivorous like inuits.

Question 35

Did neanderthals and early homosapiens in temperate, deciduous forests environments eat only meat, plant or both? Compare these two species with hunter gatherer.

Answer 35

Both -> similar to huntergatherer.