Dental Flashcards
what are the C/S of oral/dental pain?
- ptyalism
- dropping food
- jaw chattering
- bruxism
- head shaking
- face rubbing
- sneezing
- reluctance to eat
- excessive licking
- depression
- weight loss
NO SIGNS
what is attachment loss?
periodontal ligament detachment, causing gingival recession exposing the root and cementum
what are the stages of periodontal disease?
stage 1: gingivitis only (without attachment loss) –> red around gums
Stage 2: <25% attachment loss
stage 3: 25-50% attachment loss
stage 4: >50% attachment loss
how do you treat each stage of periodontal disease?
stage 1: professional cleaning
stage 2: professional cleaning + root planing (go under gumline and clean pockets)
stage 3: professional cleaning + root planing OR extraction OR referral for GTR (guided tissue regeneration)
stage 4: extraction
how do you classify tooth resorption lesions? why these two types?
what diagnostic test do you NEED to dx these lesions?
Stages: how deeply it penetrates tooth
types: how the roots behave
intraoral rads
tell me the treatment for each classification of tooth resorption lesions
can’t stop resorptive lesions, so need to extract tooth…
extract stages 2, 3, 4
- 1: don’t recognize clinically (if we did see it, we would extract)
- 5: nothing to extract
type 1: surgical extraction
type 2: crown amputation (because roots will continue to be resorbed)
type 3: combo treatment (take out normal root, leave resorbed root)
what is the most common sign of oral/dental pain?
no signs!!!!!
why is amount of eating not a good judge of whether an animal has oral/dental pain?
animals try to hide pain bc it makes them vulnerable in the wild, so they will eat normally until they absolutely cannot
what steps are required to assess periodontal disease? or really, any dental lesion.
dental probing/dental exam and intraoral rads
what are the 4 supporting structures of the teeth? what is the blanket term for these things called?
periodontium
- periodontal ligament (primary)
- cementum
- alveolar bone
- gingiva
how do you measure attachment loss?
periodontal pocket + gingival recession = total attachment loss (mm)
on rads:
- look at CEJ, measure normal alveolar bone height (from CEJ to root apex), measure bone loss, then express bone loss as a %
- this is an estimate
bone loss –> loss of density, not necessarily complete loss of bone
describe the stages of tooth resorption lesions
Stage 1: loss of cementum or cementum + enamel
Stage 2: extends into dentin
Stage 3: extends into pulp cavity (proliferation of gingiva)
Stage 4: extensive loss of tooth structure
Stage 5: complete loss of crown
describe the types of tooth resorption lesions
Type 1: roots are intact
Type 2: roots are resorbing
Type 3: combo (one root intact, one root resorbing)
what is the “crown amputation checklist”? in other words, what must you have in order to amputate the crown?
(if you misdiagnose a FORL and it’s actually a cavity, that’s really bad!!)
- root resorption
- no stomatitis
- no endodontic dz
- no advanced periodontal dz
why are intraoral rads so important?
- enables visualization of entire tooth
- facilitates diagnosis
- monitors tx progression
- facilitates client education
it is ESSENTIAL!!!!!
describe how to do the parallel dental rad technique
tooth root and film are parallel
film placed parallel to tooth roots
describe how to do the bisecting angle dental rad technique
the tooth root and the film make an angle. the line in the middle of those two is the bisecting angle. the positioning cylinder is parallel to the bisecting angle
what is foreshortening? what is elongation?
foreshortening: image appears squished together
elongation: image appears stretched out
