Demyelinating Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is multiple sclerosis?

A

Inflammatory neurodegenerative demyelinating disorder of the CNS involving deposition of plaques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Males are more commonly affected by MS than females. True/False?

A

False

Females 3:1 males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which classification of MS is the most common?

A

Relapsing remitting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List features of pyramidal dysfunction that can occur in MS

A

Weakness
Spasticity
Weakness of extensors of upper limbs
Weakness of flexors of lower limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List features of sensory dysfunction that can occur in MS

A
Paraesthesia
Pain
Proprioception deficit
Numbness
Trigeminal neuralgia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List features of cerebellar dysfunction that can occur in MS

A
Ataxia
Intention tremor
Nystagmus
Past pointing
Pendular/floppy reflexes
Dysdiadokinesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List lower urinary tract features of MS

A

Frequency
Nocturia
Urgency
Retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What therapy can be given for fatigue in MS?

A

Amantadine

Modafinil if sleepy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What investigations can be done for MS?

A

MRI
CSF
Neurophysiology
Blood tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Blood tests are usually normal in MS. True/False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the name given to the protein bands present on CSF electrophoresis in MS?

A

Oligoclonal bands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Outline treatment for acute exacerbation of MS (mild, mod, severe)

A

Mild: symptom relief
Mod: oral steroid
Sev: IV steroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What therapy can help spasticity?

A

Physiotherapy
Anti-spasmodic (baclofen)
Botox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What therapy can help sensory symptoms?

A

Gabapentin
Amitryptiline
Acupuncture
Lignocaine (last-resort)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List 1st-line disease-modifying therapy for MS

A

Interferon-beta (avonex, extavia)
Copaxone
Tecfidira

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the cause of Guillain-Barre syndrome?

A

Infections (it’s a post-infectious condition)

17
Q

Weakness precedes sensory symptoms in Guillain-Barre. True or false?

A

False - sensory symptoms precede weakness

18
Q

When are the peak symptoms in Guillain-Barre?

A

10-14 days into onset of illness

19
Q

What is the management of Guillain-Barre?

A
  • Immunoglobulin infusion

- Plasma exchange

20
Q

What age range does MS typically affect?

A

30-40

21
Q

What eye condition is the presenting symptom in 40% of MS cases?

A

Optic neuritis

22
Q

List features of brain stem dysfunction that can occur in MS

A

Diplopia
Facial weakness

(If someone has “Bell’s palsy” and double vision it’s probably MS

23
Q

What is needed for the diagnosis of MS?

A

At least 2 episodes suggestive of demyelination that are disseminated in time and place (OR a neurological defect implicating one neuro-anatomical site, and a MRI appreciated defect at another neuro-anatomical site)