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Neuro PT Lec Finals > Demyelinating Disease > Flashcards

Demyelinating Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Destruction of the myelin in the CNS w/ relative sparing of the axon

A

Demyelinating Disease

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2
Q

White matter Disease

A

Demyelinating Disease

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3
Q

Areas of Destruction (or demyelination) are called

A

Plaques

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4
Q

On actual specimen appeared hard, called

A

Sclerosis

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5
Q

If multiple areas, it is called

A

Multiple Sclerosis

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6
Q

Classification of the Demyelinative Diseases

A
  1. Multiple Sclerosis (Disseminated or Insular Sclerosis)
  2. Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis (Encephalitis Periaxalis Diffusa
  3. Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
  4. Acute and Subacute Necrotizing Hemorrhagic Encephalitis (rarest)
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7
Q
  1. Chronic Relapsing Encephalomyelopathic Form
  2. Acute Multiple Sclerosis
  3. Neuromyelitis Optica (Devic’s Disease)
A

Multiple Sclerosis (Disseminated or Insular Sclerosis)

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8
Q

Damage either to parts of cerebral hemisphere and spinal cord,
lasts long periods and have episodic attacks

A

Chronic Relapsing Encephalomyelopathic Form

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9
Q

Spinal cord and optic pathways affected

A

Neuromyelitis Optica (Devic’s Disease

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10
Q
  1. Schilder’s Disease- If seen before 18 years old
  2. Concentric Sclerosis of Balo
    - If seen in adults
A

Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis (Encephalitis Periaxalis Diffusa)

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11
Q
  1. Post-infectious
  2. Following rabies, smallpox vaccination
A

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

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12
Q
  1. Acute Encephalopathic Form
  2. Subactue Necrotic Myelopathy
  3. Acute Brain Purpura
A

Acute and Subacute Necrotizing Hemorrhagic Encephalitis

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13
Q
  1. 2 Lesions separated by space or time
  2. Clinical lesions or laboratory supported lesions
  3. History of Remission & Relapse
A

Multiple Sclerosis

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14
Q

Laboratory Aids in MS

A
  1. MRI
  2. Double Contrasted CT Scan
  3. CSFIgGandOligoclonal Antibodies (Oligodendrocyte Antibodies)
  4. Evoke Potentials: Visual, Brainstem, Auditory, Somatosensory
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15
Q

2 or moreclinically focal lesions

A

Clinically Definite MS

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16
Q

1 clinical lesion and 1 laboratory lesion

A

Laboratory Supported Definite MS

17
Q

1 Clinical Lesion

A

Clinically Probable MS

18
Q

1 laboratory lesion

A

Laboratory Supported Probable MS

19
Q

Precipitating Factors of Exacerbation of MS

A
  1. Infection
  2. Trauma
  3. Pregnancy
  4. Heat
  5. Fatigue
20
Q

Initial Clinical Manifestation of MS

A
  1. 25% initial presentation is Optic Neuritis (partial or total loss of vision)
  2. 50%haveinitial symptoms of weakness or numbness in extremities
  3. Tingling sensation, tightband like sensation around trunk & limbs
  4. Lhermitte Sign: Passive flexion of the neck induces a tingling sensation down
    the back
21
Q
  1. May manifest as scotomas (blind spots) & papillitis
  2. ⅓will recover completely–
  3. Others improve significantly w/in 2 wks
  4. ½will eventually develop signs of MS
A

Optic Neuritis

22
Q

Other CommonInitial Signs of MS

A
  1. Unsteadiness in walking
  2. Brainstem symptoms (diplopia, vertigo, vomiting)
  3. DIsorders of micturition
  4. Nostupor or coma
23
Q

Charcot’s Triad

A
  1. Nystagmus
  2. Scanning Speech
  3. Intention Tremor
  4. Seen in advanced stages
  5. Not a common mode of presentation
24
Q

Diseases Not Under Demyelinating Disease but with Myelin Destruction

A
  1. Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Cord (SCD)
  2. Marchiafava-Bignami Disease-
25
Q

Duetovitamin B12 deficiency

A

Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Cord (SCD)

26
Q

due to excessive intake of red wine

A

Marchiafava-Bignami Disease

27
Q

Duetoviral infection of oligodendrocytes in immune-deficient subjects

A

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

28
Q

Due to rapid infusion of sodium

A

Central Pontine Myelinolysis

29
Q

Not Demyelinating Disease due to Known Etiology

A
  1. Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
  2. Central Pontine Myelinolysis
30
Q

Progressive Mental Deterioration
Stupor and Coma
Degrees of Spastic Quadriplegia
HomonymousHemianopsia
Pseudobulbar Palsy
Schilder’s: if child-Balo: if adul

A

DIffuse Cerebral Sclerosis

Neuro PT Lec Finals (5 decks)

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