Brain Tumors

Question 1

1. New growth of cells
2. Dysplasia of neurons or glial cells
3. Dysplasia of meningeal cells

Answer 1

Neoplasm

Question 2

1. Cell growth takes an abnormal mutation
2. Can occur early or late in the course of cell development

Answer 2

Dysplasia

Question 3

Meninges: Cells Involved

Answer 3

Meningioma

Question 4

Neurons: : Cells Involved

Answer 4

Neurinonma

Question 5

Astrocytes: : Cells Involved

Answer 5

Astrocytoma

Question 6

Oligodendrocytes: : Cells Involved

Answer 6

Oligodendroglioma

Question 7

Ependyma: : Cells Involved

Answer 7

Ependymoma

Question 8

Glial Cells: Cells Involved

Answer 8

Glioma

Question 9

Pineal Cells: Cells Involved

Answer 9

Pineocytoma

Question 10

Stem Cell: Cells Involved

Answer 10

Blastoma

Question 11

From outside: : Cells Involved

Answer 11

Metastasis

Question 12

Blood vessels: Cells Involved

Answer 12

Hemangioblastoma

Question 13

Nerve Sheath: Cells Involved

Answer 13

Schwannoma, Neurofibroma, Neurilemmoma

Question 14

Embryonic: Cells Involved

Answer 14

Medulloblastoma

Question 15

Malignant Characteristics

Answer 15

Blastoma
Poorly differentiated
Fast growing
Metastasis
High grade
Invasive

Question 16

Benign Characteristics

Answer 16

Late dysplasia
Well-differentiated
Slow growing
Focal
Lowgrade
Encapsulated

Question 17

Either in the cerebral hemispheres or midline tumors

Answer 17

Supratentorial Tumors

Question 18

Most common tumor found only in the brain

Answer 18

gliomas

Question 19

fastest growing and most malignant tumor

Answer 19

glioblastoma multiforme

Question 20

Cerebral hemisphere tumors

Answer 20

1. Gliomas
2. Meningioma
   3, Metastatic

Question 21

most common tumor intracranial

Answer 21

metastatic

Question 22

Midline Supratentorial Tumors

Answer 22

1. Pituitary Adenoma (Bitemporal Hemianopsia)
2. Pineal Tumors
3. Cranio-Pharyngiomas

Question 23

Adult Infratentorial Tumors

Answer 23

1. Acoustic Schwannomas
2. Mestasis
3. Meningiomas
4. Hemangioblastomas
5. Only 1/3 of adult tumors are infratentorial, most are supratentorial

Question 24

Infratentorial Tumors in Children

Answer 24

1, Cerebellar Astrocytomas
2. Medulloblastomas
3. Ependymomas
4. Brainstem Gliomas
5. 60% or about 2/3 of all childhood tumors

Question 25

Presentation of Tumors

Answer 25

1. Depends onareainvolved 2. Has signs of increasing ICP 3. Rate of increased ICP depends on growth of tumor 4. Seizures are common

Question 26

Most common primary tumor in adults

Answer 26

Glioma

Question 27

⅔ofall adult tumors are

Answer 27

supratentorial

Question 28

⅔ofall childhood tumors are

Answer 28

infratentorial

Question 29

Primary Sources of Metastasis

Answer 29

1. Lung cancer 2. GIT (Colon CA) 3. Renal 4. Skin (Melanoma) 5. Uterus (Chorio-Carcinoma)

Question 30

- Most malignant - Seen 40y/o and above - Also known as malignant astrocytoma - Grows in 2-3 weeks

Answer 30

Glioblastoma Multiforme

Question 31

- Seen in younger adults - Maybe high grade(malignant) or low grade (benign) can be located anywhere in the CNS

Answer 31

Astrocytoma

Question 32

- Relatively benign - Tumor may bleed - Occurs in the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 32

Oligodendroglioma

Question 33

- Frommeningeal cells - Usually benign - Well encapsulated - Surgery has good results

Answer 33

Meningioma

Question 34

- Seen in children - Unresectable - Radiation & Chemotherapy - Presents with diplopia and brainstem signs

Answer 34

Pontine Glioma

Question 35

- Most malignant tumor in children ( < 6 y/o) - Presents as headache & ataxia - Cerebellar vermis (roof of 4th ventricle) - Causes hydrocephalus - Total surgical excision possible

Answer 35

Medulloblastoma

Question 36

- Floor of 4th ventricle -Occur in later childhood - Signs of increased ICP and Ataxia - Hydrocephalus

Answer 36

Ependymoma

Question 37

- Located in the space between cerebellum & pons - Affects cranial nerves VII & VIII, Cerebellum - Acoustic Schwannoma & Meningioma - Deafness, Cerebellar Signs, Hyperreflexia

Answer 37

Cerebello-Pontine Angle Tumors

Question 38

- Part of Von Recklinghausen disease (Neurofibromatosis) - May be bilateral - Starts as deafness, then ataxia & incoordination - Surgically excised

Answer 38

Acoustic Neuroma (aka Acoustic Schwannoma)

Question 39

Treatment for Tumors

Answer 39

- Biopsy (tissue diagnosis) & surgical debulking if feasible - Radiotherapy (if sensitive) - Chemotherapy - Steroids to reduce edema