Acquired Metabolic Disease Flashcards
Nervous System is not the primary area of the disease. Nervous System is affected secondarily,
Metabolic Disease
Disease where there is Acute onset of generalized paralysis due to low potassium.
Periodic Hypokalemic Paralysis
MOI of Periodic Hypokalemic Paralysis
- Heavy Intake of Carbohydrates
- Alcoholic Binge Drinking (Forgot to Hydrate)
In Periodic Hypokalemic Paralysis, what diagnostic tool is appropriate to diagnose this condition and what can be found in this said diagnostic tool?
- Serum Potassium
- ECG where there is an extra wave called “U Wave” between the T & P wave.
Clinical Manifestations of Periodic Hypokalemic Paralysis
- Muscle weakness
- Paralysis
- The last involved affected is the respiratory system like GBS
- Normal Reflex
Lack of calcium results to what condition?
Hypocalcemic Tetany
CM of Hypocalcemic Tetany
- Carpopedal Spasm
- Parasthesias/ Dysthesias
- Some have MS weakness
MOI of Hypocalcemic Tetany
Hyperventilation including panic attacks & crying spells
How to diagnose Hypocalcemic Tetany?
Get calcium test
Recovery period of Hypocalcemic Tetany
1-2 hours
Recovery Period for Period Hypokalemic Paralysis
Few days less than a week
Occurs when there are abnormalities in electrolytes, glucose, or oxygen
Metabolic Encelopathy
Metabolic Encephalopathy can occur in pts with chronic renal disease, what condition do they have?
Uremia Encelopathy
Metabolic Encephalopathy can occur in pts with infection, what condition do they have?
Septic Encelopathy
Clinical Manifestations of Metabolic Encephalopathy
- Decreased Sensorium
- Convulsions/Seizures
- Cognitive Abnormality/ Confusion
Metabolic Encephalopathy can occur when patient have decreased sensorium, convulsions/seizures, and cognitive abnormality which is USUALLY SEEN IN DIABETIC PATIENTS due too high/low of Sugar.
Hypoglycemia/Hyperglycemia
Which is harder to treat, Hypoglycemia or Hyperglycemia?
Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia should be differentiated from what?
Diabetic ketoacidosis & Hyperosmolar Coma
If pt have hyperglycemia and patient is + of urinary key tones. What do you call it?
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
If pt have hyperglycemia and patient is - of urinary key tones. What do you call it?
Hyperosmolar Coma
Tx of Hyperglycemia
Hydration: lots of fluids
This condition can present sensorium/seizures/changes of
cognition which results from high or low of sodium.
Hypernatremia/Hyponatremia
Hyponatremia can present with increased what?
Intracranial Pressure or cause neurological deficits
Normal baseline of sodium
160-165
To diagnose the patient with hyponatremia, what sodium levels does the patient have?
below 135
To diagnose the patient with hypernatremia, what sodium levels does the patient have?
190
This condition is caused by lack of oxygen.
Hypoxic Encephalopathy
Common cause of Hypoxic Encephalopathy
CP arrest
Clinical Manifestations of Hypoxic Encephalopathy
- Dyspnea
- Hypoxia
Transient Deficits / No Permanent Sequalae
Class 1 of Hypoxic Encephalopathy
With Residual Focal Neurological Deficits
Class II of Hypoxic Encephalopathy
Permanent Deficits in the Cerebral Cortex but the Brainstem intact
(persistent vegetative state)
Class 3 A of Hypoxic Encephalopathy
Permanent Damage to both Cerebral Hemispheres
Class 3 B of Hypoxic Encephalopathy
