Demography: Birth Rates Flashcards
UKs population grew from 37m in 1901 to what?
61 m today
Growth has been mostly dew to what?
Natural change and not so much net migration.
Birth rates there has been a long term decline, by 2007 it had fallen by?
60%
There have been three baby booms, when?
Two after the World Wars and one in the 1960s
In 1960s the total fertility rate reached an average?
2.95 children per women
Hit an all time low in 2001?
1.63
Reasons for fall in birth rate, changes in the position of women?
- Increased educational opportunities.
- More women working.
- Changing attitudes to family life and women’s role.
- Easier access to divorce and contraception.
Reasons for fall in birth rate, Fall in infant mortality rate?
IMR has fallen greatly in the last century = Improved housing, sanitation, nutrition, including that of mothers, knowledge of hygiene and child health. Medical Factors did not play a part till 1950s.
IMR may cause a fall in birth rates because if more children are surviving parents will have fewer of them.
Reasons for fall in birth rate, children as economic reliability?
Laws banning child labour, and compulsory schooling.
Changing norms about children’s right to high standard of living raises their costs.
Reasons for fall in in birth rate, child-centredness?
Childhood seen as a uniquely important period and has led to the shift of ‘quality’ not ‘quantity’. Fewer children give attention to those few.
Effects of falling birth rate, give two?
Women freer to work (dual burden couples)
Working populations earnings and taxes support the dependant pop. Children large part of dep pop, fewer children reduces burden of dependency on working pop.
What is natural change?
Number of births minus the number of deaths.
