DEMOGRAPHY

Question 1

Reasons for the decline in birth rates:

Answer 1

1. Change in women’s positions - pay, equal to men, change in attitude to family, change in women’s role, easier to divorce.
2. Decline in infant mortality rate -
   Less infants are dying = less giving birth as they are surviving (if they die then there would be an increase in birth rates to get another child)
3. Children are now an economic liability -
   Income, work, laws, changing norms
4. Child centredness -
   ‘Quality’ not ‘quality’

Question 2

Effects of changes in feritlity

Answer 2

• smaller families

- lower birth rate = less schools, paternity leave, types of houses that are built

Question 3

Change in women’s position:

Answer 3

• change in attitudes
• access to abortion & the pill
• increased educational opportunities for women
• paid opportunities
• equal opportunities

Question 4

What is the aging population?

Answer 4

The average age of the population is rising - more old people than young

Question 5

Reasons for the decline in death rates

Answer 5

• Improved nutrition: Mckeown
• medical improvements
• smoking and diet: Harper (also talks about obesity)
• Public health measures: NHS

Question 6

Life expectancy

Answer 6

has increase -
1900s =
males: 50 yrs
females: 57 yrs

2013=

males: 90.7 yrs
females: 94 yrs

Question 7

why do women live longer than men?

Answer 7

Women have a traditional; different lifestyle and different employment

Question 8

what factors has made the ageing population?

Answer 8

• increased life expectancy (longer life span)
• decline in infant mortality (hardly anyone dies at a young age)
• decline in fertility (fewer newborns = more old people)

Question 9

what effects do the aging population have society?

Answer 9

On health care - massive burden

Question 10

what is the dependency ratio?

Answer 10

relationship between the working population and the non-working population

(the old is a ECONOMIC LIABILITY)

Question 11

what is ageism?

Answer 11

negative stereotyping and unequal treatment of people on the basis of their age

Question 12

Philipson

Marxist perspective

Answer 12

old people are no longer useful to capitalist society = state unwilling to support them, so family and female relatives take responsibility for care.

Question 13

Hunt

person life perspective

Answer 13

We can choose our lifestyles and identities regardless of age = the old become a market - anti-aging products…

Question 14

what is immigration?

Answer 14

movement INTO a society

Question 15

what is emigration?

Answer 15

movement OUT a society

Question 16

what is net migration?

Answer 16

difference in numbers of immigrants and number of migrants

Question 17

what is a push factor?

Answer 17

encourages someone to leave a place:

- economic recession and unemployment and unemployment at home

Question 18

what is a pull factors?

Answer 18

encourages someone to go to a place:

- wages and better opportunities