Demography 2- Death rates + life expectancy Flashcards
Define death rate?
The number of deaths per 1000 of the population per year
Define life expectancy?
An estimate of how long the average person can be expected to live
Define infant mortality rate?
Number of deaths of babies in their first year of life per 1,000 live births per year
What are the 5 reasons for descreasing death rates and higher life expectancy?
Hygiene sanitation and knowledge
Higher living standards
Welfare state
Improved working conditions
Medical advancements
How is public hygiene a factor?
Has improved with the construction of public service systems and clear dunning water. Knowledge led to elimination example, typhoid is spread through water
How is improved education and knowledge a factor?
Improved public education and awareness of what causes infection
Greater understanding what creates good health
How are wages and amenities a factor- higher living standards?
Means better food, more amenities and appliances in the house have improved our health
How are conditions in the home a factor- higher living standards?
Homes are in better condition such as less damp, inside toilets have also helped improve our health
How is transpiration and food technology a factor?
Means a wider range of food is available and can be stored longer
What is the welfare state?
Established in 1948. This provides a state safety net of care for all members of population from cradle to grave.
Example- NHS, system of benefits, free school means
How is health and safety and working hours a factor- improved working conditions?
NHS provided better post and natal care for mothers and babies. More women have babies in hospital and childbirth is much safer.
Health visitor and community midwives will also check on health of young babies
How are advanced in medicine and science a factor?- medical advancements
Higher standard of health and safety at work, shorter working hours and more leisure. Life saving drugs have led to increase life expectancy and reduced childhood illness
How is surgery and medical technology a factor?- medical advancements
Technology has taken over lot of dangerous jobs. Factory machinery is safer than it was. Child labour is illegal. Advances in surveys and medical technology- life saving surgeries, increase life expectancy
What does Mckeown see as the most important of these factors?
Non infectious degenerative diseases are the biggest killer- example, cancer and heart disease
Improvements of standards of living- especially diet
