demographic change stats and sociologists Flashcards
What Acts in the UK limited immigration from the Caribbean and the Asian subcontinent?
Commonwealth Immigration Acts 1962/1968.
Immigration and Asylum Act 1999
Mitchell and Pain
Drivers of immigration
Economic growth and a structural demand for migrant labour in high and low skilled sectors of the British economy are significant drivers of immigration.
Cohen
3 types of migrant
- Citizens - full citizenship rights.
- Denizens - privileged foreign nationals welcome by the state.
- Helots - unskilled, poorly paid work, legally ties to particular employers.
Ehrenreich and Hochschild
Feminisation of migration
See the feminisation of migration as a result of several trends:
- Expansion of service industry in developed countries has led to an increase demand for female labour.
- Western women joining the labour force are less willing/ able to perform domestic labour.
- Western men are unwilling to perform domestic labour.
- The failure of the state to provide adequate childcare.
Shutes
Feminisation of migration
40% of adult care nurses in the UK are migrants, mostly female and there is a global transfer of women’s emotional labour.
Eade
Migrant identities
Found second generation of Bangladeshi Muslims in Britain created hierarchal identities seeing themselves as Muslims first, then Bengali, then British.
Rate of migration between 2000-2013
Migration rate has been speeding up, between 2000-2013 international migration increased by 33%.
Pew research centre 2017
Estimates between 800,000 and 1.2 million unauthorised migrants living in the UK in 2017.
End of March 2014 how many seeking asylum in the UK?
24,000
Vertovec
Greater cultural diversity
‘super diversity’ With migrants coming form a wider range of countries.
UK 2014 post graduate students
26% Chinese born compared to 23% UK born.
Erkisen
Created transnational identities
Back and forth migration rather than permanent settlement means migrants are less likely to see themselves belonging to one country/ culture instead develop transnational identities.
Beck and Beck-Gernsheim
Changing families
Growth of ‘world families’ and ‘distant love’ where relationships are conducted between people living in different countries.
Chambers
Changing families
There are more global family networks as migrants in the UK try to maintain relationships and send money to their families in other countries.
2010 Report from ACPO
suggests 17,000 of the estimated 30,000 women involved in off street prostitution in England and Wales were migrants and around 70% were victims of trafficking.
2011 UK population
10% were from a non-white ethnic group.
Castles and Kosack
assimilation
Believe that assimilation benefits capitalism by creating a racially divided working class and preventing united action in the defence of their interests.