Democracy Restored, 1943-46 Flashcards

1
Q

How did the allies invade the rest of Italy?

A
  • September 1943, allies began invasion and a secret armistice was signed, promised the allies 60,000 troops
  • Hitler invaded the north of Italy whilst peace was negotiated in the South and Italy publicly surrendered
  • Italy declared war on Germany on 13th September, clear the promised troops would not be given
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2
Q

What happened to Mussolini after he was disposed?

A
  • Rescued from captivity at a ski resort by the SS
  • Hitler demanded that Mussolini return to the North of Italy as the head of a new govt. established by Nazis
  • Threatened to destroy Northern cities if he refused
  • Mussolini returned and led the Salo Republic (RSI)
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3
Q

What was the Salo Republic like?

A
  • Bodies spread out to stop effective government
  • Cabinet of radical fascist, set up Verona Manifesto to take fascism back to its roots, never put in place
  • 7,000 Jews sent to death camps, 5 fascist executed
  • GNR set up, 573,000 men used for civil war, not WW2
  • Germans had brutal policies against the Italians
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4
Q

What was the government in the South like?

A
  • In theory a constitutional monarchy under Victor Emmanuel III and Bonomi who replaced Bodoglio
  • Little change to local government, no purges
  • Anti-fascist war of liberation largely in the North
  • American secret service linked up with the Mafia
  • Rome was liberated in June 1944
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5
Q

How were the RSI and Southern Italy similar?

A
  • Government, both really had little power as this was controlled by Germany and the allies
  • Living conditions, Germans inflicted lots of damage in the north, smuggling and black markets in the south, economic conditions got worse in both
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6
Q

Why and when did the Germans surrender?

A

-April 1945, left Italy with Mussolini as the allies were advancing into the North and the army was collapsing facing the partisan groups

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7
Q

What eventually happened to Mussolini?

A
  • Convoy carrying Mussolini was stopped by communists, let the Germans go in exchange for any Italians
  • Mussolini and his mistress were captured and shot, bodies put on public display in Milan
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8
Q

What was the outcome of the 1946 referendum?

A
  • 2nd June, Italians asked if they wanted Italy to be a republic or not
  • 12.7 million to 10.7 million voted yes, the King was replaced by a president
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9
Q

What were the outcomes of the 1946 elections?

A
  • 2nd June, Christian Democrats won largest amount with 207/556 seats
  • PCI won 104 seats and the PSI 114 seats
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10
Q

What is the legacy of Mussolini?

A
  • Tomb in Predappio is a place of neo-fascist pilgrimage

- His death date has become one of three that is marked with major rallies

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