Dementias Flashcards
What is the MMSE Score that is suggestive of dementia?
Less than 24 points.
Patient with history of confusion, disorientation, and impaired memory and visuospatial skills is thought to have Alzheimer’s Disease. What is the CT likely to show?
Diffuse cortical and subcortical atrophy are seen in patients later on, but early, the CT is normal. Atrophy is often most pronounced in the parietal, temporal lobes; especially the hippocampi.
Patient who is 55 years old who is brought in by his daughter due to personality changes and loss of social tact, as well as mild disorientation and memory loss. Marked frontal and temporal atrophy is noted on CT. Diagnosis?
Frontotemporal dementia.
Patient with diabetes and htn brought in by family for recent decline in mental function. Feels that every couple months they notice a worsening of her memory, ADL’s, etc. Patient also expresses some depression.
Vascular dementia.
33 year old female with weakness in her upper extremities who recently noticed she couldn’t feel heat coming from the stove with her hands. She has no bowel or bladder dysfunction. Exam reveals loss f pain and temperature sensation in the neck, shoulders, and upper arms with preserved proprioception and vibration. She has absent UE reflexes. Dx?
Syringomyelia; fluid-filled cavity in the central spinal cord. Disruption of the crossing spinothalamic tracts at the anterior commissure due to expansion of the spinal canal causes a dermatomal loss in a “cape like” distribution of pain and temperature.
Patient found to have EEG changes of sharp, triphasic, synchronous discharges in the setting of myoclonus and dementia.
CJD; prion disease.
Patient is found to have a striatal neuro-degeneration, early onset dementia, and progressive choreiform movements of all limbs, grimacing, and ataxia. Name the inheritance pattern and chromosomal location.
Autosomal dominant gene on Chr. 4.
