Dementia and Aging Flashcards
Define aging
The gradual decline in normal physiological function and integrity in a time-dependent manner, affecting all systems, such as molecular interactions, cellular function, tissue structure and systemic physiological homeostasis
Why is studying an aging population necessary?
Increased incidence of chronic conditions/non-communicable diseases
Multi-condition treatment
Increased rates of hospital admissions - older people ‘cost more’
Increasing healthspan along with lifespan
What is health?
The state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1948)
What are the 3 hallmarks of aging?
It should manifest during normal aging (healthy aging process)
Its experimental aggravation should accelerate ageing
Its experimental improvement should slow down aging rate and enhance healthy aging
What are the 9 hallmarks of ageing?
Genomic instability
Telomere attrition
Epigenetic alteration
Loss of proteostasis
Mitochondrial dysfunction
Deregulated nutrient sensing
Cellular senescence
Stem cell exhaustion
Altered communication
What are the 4 primary hallmarks of aging?
Genomic instability
Telomere attrition
Epigenetic alteration
Loss of proteostasis
What are the 3 antagonistic hallmarks of aging?
Mitochondrial dysfunction
Deregulated nutrient sensing
Cellular senescence
What are the 2 integrative hallmarks of aging?
Stem cell exhaustion
Altered communication
What are the 4 type of DNA lesions?
genomic instability
Deletions
Translocation
Duplication
Inversion
What highly reactive molecules produced in the mitochondria can cause DNA damage?
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
What are the 2 pathologies that lead to genomic instability?
Changes in the genetic code (4 types of DNA lesions)
Structural changes to the DNA (lamins)
Is chromatin that is attached to lamins expressed or repressed?
Repressed
