Dementia

Question 1

which type of dementia accounts for up to 65%

Answer 1

alzhiemers

Question 2

how is alzhimers characterised when looking at the brain

Answer 2

argentrophile plaques
neurofibilliary tangles
neuronal loss

Question 3

how are the plaques formed in alzheimers

Answer 3

overproduction/diminished clearance of beta amyloid = excess buildup of amyloid peptides

Question 4

what cause injury to brain tissue and = in neuronal cell death

Answer 4

formation of peptides = inflammation

Question 5

list 3 risk factors for developing Alzheimer’s

Answer 5

1st degree relative with Alzheimer’s

downs syndrome

allele ApoE ch12

smoking

depression

low physical/cognitive activity

cerebrovascular disease

hyperlipidaemia

Question 6

list 3 differentials for alziheimers

Answer 6

delirium
depression
drug use

Question 7

list 3 symptoms of alzeihmers

Answer 7

memory loss

disorientation to time and place

normal dysphasia

apathy

slow disintegration of personalty and intellect

Question 8

what bedside investigation could assist in diagnosing alziherms

Answer 8

mini mental state examination

Question 9

what score in MMS examination would suggest serious impairment

Answer 9

<17

Question 10

what imaging investigation can be used to diagnose

Answer 10

CT/MRI

Question 11

what would you see on MRI/CT in a patient with alziherms

Answer 11

generalised atrophy

Question 12

what part of the brain undergo atrophy

Answer 12

temporal, frontal, parietal

Question 13

true/false

atrophy of the cortex = negative effects in thinking, planning, remembering

Answer 13

true

Question 14

which criteria is used to assist in the diagnosis of dementia

Answer 14

ICD-10

Question 15

list 5 types of dementia

Answer 15

Alzihermers 
vascular 
lewy body 
pick disease (frontal/temporal)
parkinsons 
huntingtons

Question 16

what time range would suggest chronic dementia

Answer 16

6 months or more

Question 17

when would you consider early onset alzheimers disease

1. 55 yrs
2. 60 yrs
3. 65 yrs
4. 50 yrs

Answer 17

3. 65 yrs

Question 18

list 1 risk factor for developing early onset alzieherms

Answer 18

family history

Question 19

what is the usually the age of onset for alzihimers

Answer 19

> 65 yrs

Question 20

how does alzhimers initially present

Answer 20

short term memory problems/loss

Question 21

what does neuroradiology show in alzihimers

Answer 21

atrophy
widening of sulci and ventricles
absence of other intracerebral pathology

Question 22

how does later stages of alzihmers present in terms of symptoms

Answer 22

hallucinations
delusions
mobility functioning

Question 23

how does vascular dementia onset and progress

Answer 23

acute onset and stepwise decline

Question 24

lis 3 risk factors for vascular dementia

Answer 24

hypertension
hypercholestroleamia
diabetes peripheral vascular disease

Question 25

what neuroradiological changes would you see in a vascular dementia patient

Answer 25

infarcts white matter ischaemic changes associated atrophy

Question 26

what is the age onset for pick disease

Answer 26

50-60 yrs

Question 27

what is picks disease called

Answer 27

frontal/temporal lobe dementia

Question 28

what typical symptoms does picks disease present with

Answer 28

Personality changes and language changes/problems

Question 29

which type of dementia presents with knife blade atrophy 1. alzihimers 2. vascular 3. picks disease 4. lewy body

Answer 29

picks disease

Question 30

what is the onset of lewy body dementia and how does it progress

Answer 30

fluctuating onset with rapid decline

Question 31

what sleep symptoms might present with lewy body dementia

Answer 31

sleep terrors | nightmares

Question 32

what does the CT/MRI in lewy body dementia show

Answer 32

medial temporal lobe atrophy

Question 33

true/false acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can be used to treat vascular dementia

Answer 33

false

Question 34

what meds can be used to treat alziherms

Answer 34

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Question 35

give an exmaple of a acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Answer 35

galantamine donepezil rivastigmine

Question 36

what is the MOA of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Answer 36

reduce intra synaptic breakdown of acetylecholine

Question 37

when would you consider stopping acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in treating alziherms

Answer 37

MMS <10 | mini mental state exam

Question 38

how is vascular dementia managed

Answer 38

antihypertensives statins reduce vascular risk aspirin

Question 39

which dementia other than parkinsons present with parkinsonisn symptoms

Answer 39

lewy body demntia

Question 40

how can you manage Parkinson's symptoms in lewy body dementia

Answer 40

L-dopa assist with mobility