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Neuro > Dementia > Flashcards

Dementia Flashcards

1
Q

which type of dementia accounts for up to 65%

A

alzhiemers

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2
Q

how is alzhimers characterised when looking at the brain

A

argentrophile plaques
neurofibilliary tangles
neuronal loss

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3
Q

how are the plaques formed in alzheimers

A

overproduction/diminished clearance of beta amyloid = excess buildup of amyloid peptides

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4
Q

what cause injury to brain tissue and = in neuronal cell death

A

formation of peptides = inflammation

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5
Q

list 3 risk factors for developing Alzheimer’s

A

1st degree relative with Alzheimer’s

downs syndrome

allele ApoE ch12

smoking

depression

low physical/cognitive activity

cerebrovascular disease

hyperlipidaemia

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6
Q

list 3 differentials for alziheimers

A

delirium
depression
drug use

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7
Q

list 3 symptoms of alzeihmers

A

memory loss

disorientation to time and place

normal dysphasia

apathy

slow disintegration of personalty and intellect

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8
Q

what bedside investigation could assist in diagnosing alziherms

A

mini mental state examination

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9
Q

what score in MMS examination would suggest serious impairment

A

<17

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10
Q

what imaging investigation can be used to diagnose

A

CT/MRI

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11
Q

what would you see on MRI/CT in a patient with alziherms

A

generalised atrophy

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12
Q

what part of the brain undergo atrophy

A

temporal, frontal, parietal

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13
Q

true/false

atrophy of the cortex = negative effects in thinking, planning, remembering

A

true

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14
Q

which criteria is used to assist in the diagnosis of dementia

A

ICD-10

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15
Q

list 5 types of dementia

A 
Alzihermers 
vascular 
lewy body 
pick disease (frontal/temporal)
parkinsons 
huntingtons
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16
Q

what time range would suggest chronic dementia

A

6 months or more

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17
Q

when would you consider early onset alzheimers disease

  1. 55 yrs
  2. 60 yrs
  3. 65 yrs
  4. 50 yrs
A
  1. 65 yrs
18
Q

list 1 risk factor for developing early onset alzieherms

A

family history

19
Q

what is the usually the age of onset for alzihimers

A

> 65 yrs

20
Q

how does alzhimers initially present

A

short term memory problems/loss

21
Q

what does neuroradiology show in alzihimers

A

atrophy
widening of sulci and ventricles
absence of other intracerebral pathology

22
Q

how does later stages of alzihmers present in terms of symptoms

A

hallucinations
delusions
mobility functioning

23
Q

how does vascular dementia onset and progress

A

acute onset and stepwise decline

24
Q

lis 3 risk factors for vascular dementia

A

hypertension
hypercholestroleamia
diabetes peripheral vascular disease

25
Q

what neuroradiological changes would you see in a vascular dementia patient

A

infarcts

white matter ischaemic changes

associated atrophy

26
Q

what is the age onset for pick disease

A

50-60 yrs

27
Q

what is picks disease called

A

frontal/temporal lobe dementia

28
Q

what typical symptoms does picks disease present with

A

Personality changes and language changes/problems

29
Q

which type of dementia presents with knife blade atrophy

  1. alzihimers
  2. vascular
  3. picks disease
  4. lewy body
A

picks disease

30
Q

what is the onset of lewy body dementia and how does it progress

A

fluctuating onset with rapid decline

31
Q

what sleep symptoms might present with lewy body dementia

A

sleep terrors

nightmares

32
Q

what does the CT/MRI in lewy body dementia show

A

medial temporal lobe atrophy

33
Q

true/false

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can be used to treat vascular dementia

A

false

34
Q

what meds can be used to treat alziherms

A

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

35
Q

give an exmaple of a acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

A

galantamine
donepezil
rivastigmine

36
Q

what is the MOA of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

A

reduce intra synaptic breakdown of acetylecholine

37
Q

when would you consider stopping acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in treating alziherms

A

MMS <10

mini mental state exam

38
Q

how is vascular dementia managed

A

antihypertensives
statins
reduce vascular risk
aspirin

39
Q

which dementia other than parkinsons present with parkinsonisn symptoms

A

lewy body demntia

40
Q

how can you manage Parkinson’s symptoms in lewy body dementia

A

L-dopa

assist with mobility

Neuro (9 decks)

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