Cerebral palsy

Question 1

when does cerebral palsy occur

Answer 1

damage to the brain around birth

Question 2

is cerebral palsy a

permanent or temporary neurological problem

Answer 2

permanent

Question 3

what features of the cerebral palsy may change over time during growth and development

Answer 3

nature of symptoms and problems

Question 4

list 2 antenatal causes for cerebral palsy

Answer 4

maternal infection

trauma during pregnancy

Question 5

list 2 prenatal problems that can cause cerebral palsy

Answer 5

birth asphyxia

pre-term birth

Question 6

what is birth asphyxia

Answer 6

lack of o2 to the brain during birth

Question 7

list 3 postnatal causes for cerebral palsy

Answer 7

meningitis

severe neonatal jaundice

head injury

Question 8

how many types of cerebral palsy are there `

Answer 8

4

Question 9

which cerebral play refer to hypertonia and damage to upper motor neurones

Answer 9

spastic cerebral palsy

Question 10

which type of cerebral palsy results in problems controlling muscle tone (hypertonia and hypotonia)

Answer 10

dyskinetic cerebral palsy

Question 11

what part of the brain is affected in dyskinetic cerebral palsy

Answer 11

basal ganglia

Question 12

what part of the CNS is affected in spastic cerebral palsy

Answer 12

upper motor neurones

Question 13

which type of cerebral palsy causes problems with co-ordinated movement

Answer 13

ataxic cerebral palsy

Question 14

list the 4 types of cerebral palsy

Answer 14

spastic
dyskinetic
ataxic
mixed

Question 15

what part of the brain is affected in ataxic cerebral palsy

Answer 15

cerebellum

Question 16

which type of cerebral palsy causes athetoid movement and oro-motor problems

Answer 16

dyskinetic cerebral palsy

Question 17

what is athetoid movements

Answer 17

slow involuntary movements

Question 18

give examples of oro-motor problems associated with dyskinetic cerebral palsy

Answer 18

difficulty swallowing, chewing, speech, sucking

Question 19

what type of symptoms does mixed cerebral palsy present with

Answer 19

dyskinetic
spastic
ataxic

Question 20

define monoplegia

Answer 20

affecting single limb

Question 21

define diplegia

Answer 21

affecting 4 limbs but mostly the legs

Question 22

define hemiplegia

Answer 22

affecting one side of the body

Question 23

define quadriplegia

Answer 23

affecting all 4 limbs

Question 24

name a condition in children that increases the risk of developing cerebral palsy

Answer 24

hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy

Question 25

when might signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy present

Answer 25

during growth and development of the child

Question 26

what is a key sign to remember that children might present with in cerebral palsy

Answer 26

hand preference <18 months

Question 27

list 3 features that might be present in cerebral palsy

Answer 27

hand preference failure to meet milestones increased/decreased tone problems with coordination feeding and swallowing problems learning difficulties

Question 28

is tone increased or decreased in lower motor neurone

Answer 28

decreased hypotonia

Question 29

are reflexes reduced or brisk in upper motor neurone

Answer 29

brisk

Question 30

is power slightly or dramatically reduced in lower motor neurone

Answer 30

dramatically reduced

Question 31

are fasciculations present in upper or lower motor neurone

Answer 31

lower motor neurone

Question 32

what does a hempliegic gait indicate

Answer 32

upper motor neurone lesion

Question 33

what does a broad gait indicate

Answer 33

cerebellar leison

Question 34

what does a high stepping gait indicate

Answer 34

lower motor neurone leison

Question 35

what does a waddling gait indicate

Answer 35

pelvic muscle weakness due to myopathy

Question 36

which services might be involved in the management of a patient with cerebral palsy

Answer 36

physio occupational therapists speech and language therapists dieticians orthopaedics surgeons paediatricians social workers

Question 37

give an example of a muscle relaxant than can be used in cerebral palsy

Answer 37

baclofen

Question 38

what is baclofen used for in cerebral palsy

Answer 38

for muscle spasticity and contracture

Question 39

what clinical feature may suggest cerebral palsy in a baby

Answer 39

hand preference <12 months old