Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

neuro year 4 > dementia > Flashcards

dementia Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main risk factors

A

age and family history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what cognitive tests can you do

A

MMSE, ACE (Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does clock drawing test

A

parietal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what reflexes should you check

A

primitive reflexes- grasp, pout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how can you test praxis

A

copying hand gestures, miming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

investigations

A

FBC, ESR, B12, TFT, LFT, U&E, glucose. CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what further investigations should be done in a younger patient

A

EEG, genetic testing HIV serology, metabolic tests, brain biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the main cause of dementia

A

alzheimers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

features of alzheimers

A

memory impairment, language impaired, apraxia- cant carry out skilled motor activities, agnosia, frontal executive function (organising, planning), anosognosia, visuospatial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what lobe is associated with visuospatial

A

parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is anosognosia

A

lack of insight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is agnosia

A

cant recognise objects, people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are late non cognitive features AD

A

myoclonus, seizures, sleep wake cycle reversal, incontinence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what happens to personality in AD

A

stays relatively intact until late

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the pathology in AD

A

B amyloid deposition in plaques, formation of tau containing intracellular neurofibrillary tangles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does having a first degree relative do to your chance of having AD

A

doubles the lifetime risk

17
Q

what are the genes involved in AD

A

amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1 and 2

18
Q

what other environmental risk factors AD

A

head trauma, vascular risk factors

19
Q

what are the degenerative causes dementia

A

AD, dementia with lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, huntingtons, parkinsons, prion

20
Q

what other causes for dementia

A

vascular, metabolic (uraemia, liver failure), toxic (alcohol, solvent abuse), vitamin (B12, thiamine), intracranial (tumour, haematoma, hydrocephalus), infections, psych

21
Q

what are the features of dementia with Lewy bodies

A

visual hallucinations (animals, people, sense of a presence- extracampine); fluctuating cognition, sleep disorders, Parkinsonism. memory loss may not occur at early stages. delusions, transient LOC

22
Q

what are there aggregations of in DLB

A

alpha-synuclein protein

23
Q

what happens in Parkinsons disease dementia

A

cognitive problems are a late feature- at least 1 year after onset and above 75.

24
Q

what may DLB and PDD respond to

A

cholinesterase inhibitors

25
Q

what is vascular dementia course

A

can be progressive and similar to AD, can be a hx of TIAs or lots of cerebrovascular events. stepwise manner

26
Q

additional signs in vascular dementia

A

apraxic gait disorders, pyramidal signs, urinary incontinence

27
Q

what do you see on MRI in vascular dementia

A

widespread small vessel disease

28
Q

what happens in frontotemporal dementia

A

frontal and temporal lob atrophy on MRI

29
Q

when is the onset typically in frontotemp

A
30
Q

what is the presentation frontotemporal dementia

A

frontal presentation- personality change, emotional blunting, apathy, disinhibition, carelessness, behavioural change. MEMORY IS PRESERVED. temporal presentation- progressive impairment language function

31
Q

what is the incubation of prion disease

A

long- can be several years. but death happens soon after start getting symptoms

32
Q

pathology prion disease

A

accumulation misfolded native prion protein PrPc

33
Q

what is the commonest form of Creutzfeldt Jakob disease and what is the course

A

sporadic. spontaneous mutations. rapidly progressive dementia leads to death within 6months. myoclonus

34
Q

what is iatrogenic CJD

A

from neurosurgical instruments as prion resistant to sterilisation; transplant material; cadaveric pituitary derived GH from pt with CJD

35
Q

what is variant CJD

A

affects younger people. neuropsychiatric symptoms. ataxia and dementia with myoclonus/chorea. longer course- a few years

36
Q

what drugs can be used in dementia

A

cholinesterase inhibitors (donezepil, rivastigmine), memantine (NMDA receptor antagonist)

neuro year 4 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions