Dementia

Question 1

dementia prevalence

Answer 1

-Alzheimer’s is most common form
-1 in 9 people have AD

Question 2

impact of dementia

Answer 2

-health care costs
->900 billion in 2022

Question 3

symptoms of dementia

Answer 3

-cognitive decline
-functional decline

Question 4

Early stage dementia symptoms

Answer 4

-manage finances
-medications
house keeping
-driving
-shopping
-meal prep

Question 5

Middle to later stages of dementia

Answer 5

-trouble:
-bathing
-toileting
-dressing
-grooming
-walking
-eating meals

Question 6

MiniCog Test

Answer 6

-3 item repeat
-clock draw test
-3 item recall

Question 7

SLUMS

Answer 7

-dementia test uses scoring system
-many questions

Question 8

differential diagnosis

Answer 8

-untreated depression
-untreated insomnia
-untreated pain
-sleep apnea
-hypothyroidism
-uncontrolled diabetes
-delirium

Question 9

medications that can contribute to cognitive changes

Answer 9

-benzos
-sedatives
-anticholinergic
-corticosteroids
-opioids
-muscle relaxants
-NSAIDs
-hypoglycemic agents
-antihypertensives

Question 10

Use of anticholinergics

Answer 10

-increased risk of dementia and AD
-high risk with antidepressants, antihistamines, and bladder antimuscarinics

Question 11

DSM 5 Neurocognitive Disorder

Answer 11

-mild neurocognitive disorder: mild cognitive impairment
-major neurocognitive disorder: dementia

Question 12

Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 12

-accumulation of amyloid beta plaques and tau
-neuro degeneration
-loss of memory, function
-begins 20 years before symptoms show

Question 13

AT(N) Framework

Answer 13

-aggregated amyloid
-aggregated tau
-Neurodegeneration or neuronal injury

Question 14

type 3 diabetes

Answer 14

• insulin resistance in the brain impacts neurocognition
  -memory deficits

Question 15

lifestyle modifications-AD

Answer 15

-supplements
-exercise
-mental activity
-social engagement
-music therapy

Question 16

vascular dementia

Answer 16

-stroke/TIA
-cognitive function reduces with time
-affects executive function and complex attention
-caused by: uncontrolled BP, diabetes, high cholesterol, ischemic stroke

Question 17

Lewy Body Dementia(DLB)

Answer 17

–fluctuating cognition(good and bad days)
-visual hallucinations
-parkinsonism features
-lewy bodies in cortex and midbrain
-affects learning/memory, and executive function

Question 18

Frontotemporal dementia (FTLD)

Answer 18

-absensce of plaques and tangles
-behavioral disinhibition
-apathy or inertia
-compulsive behavior
-preservative behavior
-affects social cognition and executive function

Question 19

Prevention strategies

Answer 19

-control cardio risks
-depression management
-social engagement
-early detection

Question 20

resources for medication management

Answer 20

-nursing agency
-pill box
-alarmed pill box
-cell phone reminders
-bubble packs
-higher level of care

Question 21

FDA approved treatments for dementia

Answer 21

-acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
-NMDA receptor antagonist
-monoclonal antibodies

Question 22

cholinergic hypothesis

Answer 22

-increased levels of acetylcholine leads to better cognition
-use cholinesterase inhibitors to prevent breakdown in the brain

Question 23

Glutamatergic hypothesis

Question 24

mild to moderate AD treatments

Answer 24

-donepezil
-galantamine
-Rivastigmine

Question 25

Moderate to severe AD

Answer 25

-donepezil
-rivastigmine transdermal patch
-memantine