Dehydration and Disability Flashcards
Delirium is caused by?
PINCH-ME (Pain, Infection , Nutrition, Constipation, Hydration, Medication, Environment)
What is the primary symptom/s of stroke?
Sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg
What is the pneumonic for stroke and what does it mean?
(BE - FAST) Balance, eyes, facial droop, arm weakness, speech slurred, Time -of onset to treatment)
Compartment syndrome occurs when swelling of a muscle increases the pressure in that muscle and can occur as a complication of fracture. If left untreated this leads to?
Ischaemia of the muscle
What is a sensible loss of fluid?
Vomiting, urination, diarrhoea
What is an insensible loss of fluid?
Respirations, Diaphoresis (Sweating)
What is the average human volume of fluids consumed and excreted per day?
2500ml (2.5l)
When does dehydration occur, and what does it result in?
When ONLY water leaves the body, can cause an excess of sodium (hypernatremia)
What is an example of an ISOTONIC solution?
0,9% NaCl (normal saline
Hartmann’s solution
5% glucose
What is the purpose of ISOTONIC solutions?
expand vascular volume, expand intracellular and extracellular fluid volumes
What is a contraindication for 5% glucose?
ICP (can cause cerebral oedema)
What are the HYPERTONIC solutions?
5% Glucose in normal saline
5% Glucose in 0.45% NaCl
5% Glucose in Hartmann’s solution
What is the purpose of Hypertonic solutions?
draw fluid out from intracellular and interstitial compartments into vasculature, expanding vascular volume
What are some contraindications for administering Hypertonic solutions?
Kidney or heart disease, dehydration. Watch for S&S of hypervolemia
What are Hypotonic solutions?
0.45 NaCl (1/2 normal saline)
0.33 NaCl (1/3 normal saline)
