Dehydration and Disability Flashcards

1
Q

Delirium is caused by?

A

PINCH-ME (Pain, Infection , Nutrition, Constipation, Hydration, Medication, Environment)

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2
Q

What is the primary symptom/s of stroke?

A

Sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg

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3
Q

What is the pneumonic for stroke and what does it mean?

A

(BE - FAST) Balance, eyes, facial droop, arm weakness, speech slurred, Time -of onset to treatment)

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4
Q

Compartment syndrome occurs when swelling of a muscle increases the pressure in that muscle and can occur as a complication of fracture. If left untreated this leads to?

A

Ischaemia of the muscle

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5
Q

What is a sensible loss of fluid?

A

Vomiting, urination, diarrhoea

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6
Q

What is an insensible loss of fluid?

A

Respirations, Diaphoresis (Sweating)

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7
Q

What is the average human volume of fluids consumed and excreted per day?

A

2500ml (2.5l)

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8
Q

When does dehydration occur, and what does it result in?

A

When ONLY water leaves the body, can cause an excess of sodium (hypernatremia)

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9
Q

What is an example of an ISOTONIC solution?

A

0,9% NaCl (normal saline
Hartmann’s solution
5% glucose

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10
Q

What is the purpose of ISOTONIC solutions?

A

expand vascular volume, expand intracellular and extracellular fluid volumes

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11
Q

What is a contraindication for 5% glucose?

A

ICP (can cause cerebral oedema)

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12
Q

What are the HYPERTONIC solutions?

A

5% Glucose in normal saline
5% Glucose in 0.45% NaCl
5% Glucose in Hartmann’s solution

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13
Q

What is the purpose of Hypertonic solutions?

A

draw fluid out from intracellular and interstitial compartments into vasculature, expanding vascular volume

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14
Q

What are some contraindications for administering Hypertonic solutions?

A

Kidney or heart disease, dehydration. Watch for S&S of hypervolemia

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15
Q

What are Hypotonic solutions?

A

0.45 NaCl (1/2 normal saline)
0.33 NaCl (1/3 normal saline)

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16
Q

What is the purpose if giving Hypotonic solutions?

A

used to provide free water to treat cellular dehydration, & promote waste elimination to the kidneys.

17
Q

What is a contraindication of administering Hypotonic solutions?

A

ICP or third space fluid shift

18
Q

What conditions would you give Hypertonic IVF’s for?

A

Hyponatremia
Cerebral oedema
(pulls fluid back into intravascular space)
(pulls fluid away from brain)

19
Q

What conditions would you administer Isotonic IVF’s for?

A

Blood loss
Dehydration
Surgery (NBM)

20
Q

What conditions would you administer Hypotonic IVF’s for?

A

DKA (diabetic keto acidosis)

21
Q

What are the two routes preferred to re-hydrate a child?

A

Enteral and Naso-Gastric

22
Q

What are the rehydrating solutions used for children?

A

Hydrolyte