Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SNUG201 > Accidents and injuries > Flashcards

Accidents and injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Coagulopathy in relation to lethal trauma triad is;

A

Ineffective clotting cascade in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Parkland formula used for?

A

Calculating the amount of IV fluids needed for fluid resuscitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

On an ECG what would you be looking for if a patient was having a myocardial infarction?

A

ST elevation >2mm in at least 2 chest leads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A complete fracture is where where

A

The entire cross section of the bone is involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What defines a compound fracture?

A

The skin integrity is breached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a Mechanism of injury?

A

Explains how an injury has occured, e.g. falling from a great height and a GSW.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is understanding mechanism of injury important?

A

Because it can indicate/dictate unseen injuries, and dictates how serious an injury is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the four types of injuries?

A

Blunt trauma
Penetrating trauma
Blast injury
Inhalation injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an example of a blunt trauma injury?

A

MVA, pedestrian trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an example of a Penetrating Trauma injury?

A

stabbing, impalement, GSW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an example of a Blast Trauma injury?

A

Explosion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the primary, secondary, and tertiary injuries associated with Blast Trauma injuries?

A

Primary - Shockwave, contusions
Secondary - blast -abrasions, lacerations, shrapnel
Tertiary - impact with ground/other surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an example of a Inhalation Injury?

A

Carbon monoxide poisoning, Chemical inhalation/damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

C-spine immobolisation is a consideration at which step of the primary survey?

A

Airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A “high pitched noise” on inspiration suggests
a. A lower airway obstruction
b. A eunuch
c. An upper airway obstruction
d. a pneumothorax

A

c. an upper airway obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tracheal Deviation is a sign of:
a. A tension Pneumothorax
b. An open Pneumothorax
c. Surgical emphysema
d. a haemothorax

A

a. A tension Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

OP, NP, LMA, and ET are all abbreviations for:

A

Airway adjuncts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

At what step is a glucose assessment a consideration for a primary survey?

A

D - Disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the three components of the ‘Triad of Death?’

A

Acidosis, Hypothermia, Coagulopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Hypovolemic Shock?

A

Where a loss of blood volume leads to decreased oxygenation of vital organs, causing the bodies compensatory mechanisms (homeostatis) to fail and organs begin to shut down.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What can cause Hypovolemic shock?

A

Any condition or trauma causing significant loss of blood or plasma volume
e.g. Haemorrhage, traumatic injury, prolonged vomiting or diarrhea, Burns (due to plasma loss)

22
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Hypovolemic shock?

A

Early = tachycardic, tachypnoeic
Late stages = hypotension
Decreasing LOC = advancing shock

23
Q

What is the intervention for Hypovolemic shock?

A

Blood products, IV fluids

24
Q

What is the intervention for Hypovolemic shock?

A

Big bore IV then =
Blood products, crystalloids, colloids

25
Q

Why is Hypothermia part of the triad of death?

A

Reduction in blood volume causes hypothermia

26
Q

Why is coagulopathy part of the triad of death?

A

loss of blood volume and subsequent hypothermia halts the coagulation cascade

27
Q

Why is metabolic acidosis part of the triad of death?

A

absence of blood bound O2 causes cells to produce ATP anaerobically, =produces lactic acid, keytones and other acidic compounds that are released into the blood stream

28
Q

What is the most effective way of dealing with the lethal triad/ triad of death? (its a trick question…)

A

Recognition and prevention can be more effective than treatment.
‘do a primary survey and act early to prevent the cascade’

29
Q

What is the pathology of compartment syndrome?

A

Compartment syndrome occurs when excess pressure in a limited space constricts the structures reducing circulation to muscle and nerves, e.g. muscles swelling into the fascia (lining) has nowhere to go.

30
Q

Why is Compartment Syndrome dangerous? (what does it cause secondarily?)

A

Can cause Muscle ischaemia - leading to muscle and nerve necrosis

31
Q

How much time does it take for compartment syndrome to appear?

A

between 2hrs and 6 days post trauma or surgery. (usually within 72hrs of surgery)

32
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome?

A

Swollen limb
Tender muscle
Pain that is out of preportion to the injury

33
Q

What blood type is the universal donor?

A

O- (negative)

34
Q

What blood type is the universal recipient?

A

AB+

35
Q

What should a nurse check before administering blood products?

A

Type of blood, batch number, expiry date (and if female Rh status)

36
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of reactions to blood products in a conscious patient?

A

SOB, “i feel funny”, itchy, redness, fever, chest pain

37
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of reactions to blood products in an unconscious patient?

A

increased RR, HR, rash, fever, dark urine

38
Q

What is the indication for giving Whole blood?

A

replaces volume, improves O2 carrying capacity

39
Q

What is the indication for giving PRBC’s?

A

Restoration of intravascualr volume
Replacement of O2 carrying capacity

40
Q

What is the indication for giving Platelets?

A

Continued Haemhorrage or thrombocytopenia (aids clot formation, stops bleeding)

41
Q

What is the indication for giving Albumin?

A

Expands blood volume in tauma or shock

42
Q

What is the indication for giving Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) to a patient?

A

Restoration of clotting factors if patient is coagulopathic

43
Q

What is the indication for giving Cryoprecipitate to a patient?

A

Coagulopathy with low fibrinogen
Restoration of fibrinogen

44
Q

What other types of blood can type A receive?

A

Can have A or O blood

45
Q

What other types of blood can type B receive?

A

B or O

46
Q

What other types of blood can type AB receive?

A

is the universal recipient

47
Q

What other types of blood can type O receive?

A

Can only have O type blood, but is the universal donor

48
Q

What is the most important consideration for a major burns patient? (over 20% TBSA)

A

Severe fluid loss

49
Q

What occurs in Burns +20% TBSA that can result in hypovolemia?

A

Fluid shift from intravascular to interstitial spaces
combines with Oedema and insensible loss results in plasma loss and therefore hypovolemia

50
Q

What is the Modified Parkland formula used for?

A

used to calculate the fluid volumes needed for resus and to generate desired urine output.

SNUG201 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions