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Anglescina 2 > Definitions or Explanations > Flashcards

Definitions or Explanations Flashcards

0
Q

Money, assets, and property owned by a company?

A

Capital

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1
Q

Organized market where shares are traded

A

Stock exchange

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2
Q

The total value of shares of a company?

A

Share capital

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3
Q

A person that owns (holds) shares

A

Shareholder

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4
Q

The condition when a company is unable to pay its liabilities?

A

Bankruptcy

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5
Q

Collecting money for a worthy case

A

Fundraising

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6
Q

Money available to a company trough its shares

A

Equity finance

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7
Q

To buy and sell shares

A

To trade shares

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8
Q

Money invested in a new business?

A

Start-up capital

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9
Q

Someone you owe money to?

A

Creditor

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10
Q

Money paid to shareholders from company profit?

A

Dividend

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11
Q

The cost of borrowing money?

A

Interest rate

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12
Q

A system of comparing share prices to a prvious level?

A

Share index

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13
Q

Making shares available on the stock exchange?

A

Going public

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14
Q

Equal parts of ownership of a company?

A

Equities/shares/stocks

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15
Q

Shares of large financially sound companies?

A

Blue chips

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16
Q

A company’s ability to pay debts

A

Creditworthiness

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17
Q

Developing and less developed countries

A

The third world

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18
Q

Removing barriers to trade

A

Trade liberalization

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19
Q

Only one company offers goods or services in a market and so it can dictate prices

A

Monopoly

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20
Q

Quantity or value restrictions on imports

A

Quotas

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21
Q

When companies agree to fix prices together instead of competing

A

Cartel

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22
Q

A factor that prevents rivals from entering the market

A

Barrier to entry

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23
Q

Buying goods directly from producers at a fair price

A

Fair trade

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24
Q

The tendency for the world economy to function as a whole

A

Globalization

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25
Q

Taxes on imported goods also called import duties

A

Import tariffs

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26
Q

Selling below production costs

A

Dumping

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27
Q

When suply exceeds demand

A

Saturation (zasičenost)

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28
Q

Imports exceed exports

A

Trade deficit

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29
Q

Government money to support domestic farming or industry

A

Subsidy

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30
Q

Using import to help your country’s trade

A

Protectionism

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31
Q

Companies try to sell more and make more profit than rivals

A

Competition

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32
Q

The difference between payments for exports and imports

A

Balance of payments

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33
Q

A blockade of all of one country’s trade by another

A

Embargo

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34
Q

Something that makes a company more able to compete

A

Comparative advantage

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35
Q

Exports exceed imports

A

Trade surplus

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36
Q

A measure imposed to punish a country for various reasons

A

Sanction

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37
Q

An increase in the price of goods set by retailers or dealers

A

Mark-up

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38
Q

A person or organisation that helps arrange deals

A

Intermediary

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39
Q

A system for moving goods from producers to consumers

A

Distribution channel

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40
Q

The business of carrying goods by road or rail

A

Haulage

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41
Q

Collection, transportation and delivery of goods

A

Forwarding

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42
Q

The management of the flow of products from raw materials to finished goods

A

Logistics

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43
Q

Buying servicesfrom other companies rather than providing your own

A

Outsourcing

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44
Q

A series of organisations involved in the movement of goods

A

Supply chain

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45
Q

A body representing organization within the same trade

A

Trade association

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46
Q

Goods carried in large quantities by plane, ship, road, or train

A

Freight

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47
Q

A load of goods send by road, rail, air, or sea

A

Shipment

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48
Q

Storing goods in large quantities called stock or inventory

A

Warehousing

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49
Q

A reduction in price offered to a business

A

Trade discount

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50
Q

A large request for goods or services

A

Bulk order

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51
Q

Goods not ready for sale

A

Unfinished goods

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52
Q

The sum paid for transport of goods

A

Shipping costs

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53
Q

Substances used to make goods

A

Raw materials

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54
Q

A reduction in price for payment in cash

A

Cash discount

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55
Q

A document showing that goods have beed delivered

A

Delivery note

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56
Q

Notification that an order has been accepted

A

Order confirmation

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57
Q

An unpaid account that will probably never be paid

A

Bad debt

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58
Q

An area beside a warehouse for loading trucks

A

Loading bay

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59
Q

Everything a company owns that has monetary value

A

Assets

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60
Q

Money owed to the company by customers

A

Accounts receivable

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61
Q

The most liquid of all assets

A

Cash

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62
Q

A fixed asset that does not wear out or depreciate

A

Land

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63
Q

Easily converted into cash within one year

A

Current assets

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64
Q

A snapshot of company financial position at a point in time

A

Balance sheet

65
Q

All liabilities owed to creditors in more than one year

A

Long-term liabilities

66
Q

A short-term obligations to suppliers

A

Accounts payable

67
Q

Profits reinvested in the business after dividends are paid

A

Retained earnings

68
Q

Land and buildings

A

Property

69
Q

Debts owed by the company to creditors

A

Liabilities

70
Q

Owners investment in the company and retained earnings

A

Stockholders earnings

71
Q

Cost of heating, electricity, phone usage…

A

Utilities

72
Q

Net sales less cost of goods sold

A

Gross profit

73
Q

Daily expenses; selling, general and administrative expenses

A

Operating expenses

74
Q

Costs directly related to the production of goods

A

COGS

75
Q

A record of company’s profit and loss over a period of time

A

Income statement

76
Q

Total revenues before paying expenses

A

Top line

77
Q

Annual loss in the value of equipment, computers, machinery

A

Depreciation

78
Q

Cash outflows

A

Expenses

79
Q

Cash inflows from sales

A

Revenue

80
Q

Net profit

A

Bottom line

81
Q

An employee who acts as an entrepreneur within a company by being innovative and creative

A

Intrapreneur

82
Q

A person that starts a business or a venture by taking risk and responsibility for the results, expecting to make a profit

A

Entrepreneur

83
Q

Private equity capital provided by a person or investment firm for growth companies involving high risk but potentially high returns

A

Venture capital

84
Q

A newly created business

A

Start-up

85
Q

A detailed plan for setting up and developing a business written to raise finance

A

Business plan

86
Q

Responsibility for debts with personal property

A

Unlimited liability

87
Q

Money invested in anew business by friends and family

A

Seed money/capital

88
Q

A document giving a company a name, aim, headquarters and share capital

A

Memorandum of association

89
Q

A document outlining the duties and rights of directors and shareholders

A

Articles of association

90
Q

The act of forming a registered company

A

Incorporation

91
Q

Profits that a company expects to make in the future

A

Profit forecast

92
Q

A company that is at least half-owned by another company

A

Subsidiary

93
Q

Movement of money into and out of a firm

A

Cash flow

94
Q

A large business organization that consists of several companies that all have the same owner

A

Group

95
Q

Programmes to support entrepreneurial activity and start-up companies, including research or technology parks

A

Business incubator

96
Q

A company that primarily does business on the internet

A

Dot-com

97
Q

A company that owns at least half the shares in another company

A

Parent/holding company

98
Q

Gross sales

A

Turnover

99
Q

Money that a company expects to make in the future after subtracting costs

A

Profit forecast/projection

100
Q

The legal situation when a company is not able to pay its debts

A

Bankruptcy

101
Q

Income equals expenditure

A

Break-even

102
Q

Growing by increasing sales without mergers or aquisitions

A

Internal growth

103
Q

Growing fast by mergers and aquisitions

A

External growth

104
Q

A company buying another company

A

Acquirer/bidder

105
Q

Two or more companies cooperate in a project or enterprise; they share the investment and the profit or loss, but remain separate entities

A

Joint venture

106
Q

A company to be taken over because of its assets, cash, or business potential

A

Target (firm)

107
Q

Managers of a company buy a controlling stake in the company

A

Management buyout (MBO)

108
Q

A joining of two or more companies resulting in a new company

A

Merger

109
Q

A company making a hostile takeover

A

Raider

110
Q

A combination of two companies producing similar goods or services

A

Horizontal merger

111
Q

A company buys an ownership stake in the target company greater than 50%

A

Takeover

112
Q

Over 50% of company shares

A

Majority stake

113
Q

A company buying out its suppliers and/or customers

A

Vertical integration

114
Q

Buying a controling stake of a company by usnig a large amount of borrowed koney (up to 90%)

A

Leveraged buyout (LBO)

115
Q

Determining the value of a company

A

Company valuation

116
Q

An aquisition that is welcomed by the management of the target firm

A

Friendly takeover

117
Q

The market value of all company stocks

A

Market capitalization

118
Q

Careful investigation of a potential investment

A

Due diligence

119
Q

Making an offer to the target company’s shareholders to buy their shares

A

Takeover bid

120
Q

Laws concerning anti-competitive concentrations of market power

A

Competition (antitrust) legislation

121
Q

An acquisition that is opposed by the management of the target company

A

Hostile takeover

122
Q

Good quality at a reasonable price

A

Value for money

123
Q

Customer group with similar needs and wants

A

Customer segment

124
Q

Point of sale, place where goods are sold

A

Retail outlet

125
Q

Collecting first-hand info through direct contact with people

A

Field research

126
Q

Identity od a product or service

A

Brand

127
Q

A selling point of a product

A

Product feature

128
Q

A group of consumers providing opinions about products

A

Focus group

129
Q

Gathering information about a market

A

Market research

130
Q

A written set of questions given to people to collect data

A

Questionnaire

131
Q

The product (or company) with the largest market share

A

Market leader

132
Q

A method of communicating and publicizing a product

A

Promotion

133
Q

Funds allocated for marketing activities

A

Marketing budget

134
Q

Percentage of all sales a company makes in a market

A

Market share

135
Q

A memorable song or tune used in commercials

A

Jingle

136
Q

A large outdoor structure used for advertising, either traditional with posters, mechanical, or digital

A

Billboard

137
Q

A sign or symbol used as a trademark used to represent a company or brand

A

Logo

138
Q

A catchy phrase used in advertising

A

Slogan

139
Q

The amount of advertising, either paid or unpaid

A

Media coverage

140
Q

A series of advertising activities with specific objectives

A

Advertising campaign

141
Q

An advertisment broadcast on TV or radio

A

Commercial

142
Q

A person that writes the text od advertisements

A

Copywriter

143
Q

Promotion of a product by a celebrity

A

Endorsement

144
Q

The written part of advertisement

A

Copy

145
Q

The group of people an advert is intended for

A

Target audience

146
Q

A booklet with advertising material

A

Brochure

147
Q

The time when most viewers watch TV; the best time for ads

A

Prime time

148
Q

A small leaflet used to advertise something

A

Flyer

149
Q

Sneding by post

A

Direct mailing

150
Q

Show how a product works

A

Product demonstration

151
Q

Different ways of providing information and advertising

A

Media

152
Q

Financially supporting an event in exchange for advertising a product

A

Sponsorship

153
Q

Attractive arrangement of products in a shop

A

Store display

154
Q

Telling the public about a product or company to generate positive publicity

A

Public relations (PR)

155
Q

People cannot avoid exposure to advertising when waiting in an airport, bus…

A

Captive audience

156
Q

Advertising on cell phones and on the internet

A

Digital advertising

157
Q

A printed notice used for advertising on traditional billboards

A

Poster

158
Q

Selling by telephone

A

Telemarketing

159
Q

The way people see a product in comparision to other products

A

Positioning

160
Q

A product appearing in a film or on a TV programme

A

Product placement

Anglescina 2 (9 decks)

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