Definitions Day2 (Hosts)

Question 1

Obligate

Answer 1

Obligated to live a parasitic lifestyle and need a host for basics existence

Question 2

What do host provide

Answer 2

Nutrition, Enzymes, Developmental Cues

Question 3

What is a Host?

Answer 3

Living environment that is discontinuous (desecrate boundaries), reproducing, variable, and transient

Question 4

Discontinuous

Answer 4

Individual host resemble islands surrounded by inhospitable terrain- like it impossible for the parasite to move

Question 5

Reproducing

Answer 5

Host make more host

Question 6

Variable

Answer 6

Hosts Evolve
-Making the parasite evolve, they both evolve off each other due to the other evolving

Question 7

Transient

Answer 7

Hosts die

Question 8

Are parasites host specific?

Answer 8

Parasites only infect single host species
Parasites only infect few related species
-go infect different host but they are all the same species like cats
Parasites capable of infecting many host species

Question 9

Definitive Host

Answer 9

Parasite does sexual maturity and reproduces sexually in this host
-where new infection is going to spread from

Question 10

Intermediate Host

Answer 10

Parasite undergoes required developmental step but does not reproduce sexually

Question 11

Indirect Lifestyle

Answer 11

Parasite that requires an intermediate host

Question 12

Direct Lifestyle

Answer 12

Does not require an intermediate host

Question 13

Fasciola hepatica

Answer 13

Adult fluke sexually reproduces in the cow (definitive host) eggs passed in faeces, miracidia hatch enter aquatic environments and infect snails. Cuts off reproduction, Cercaria will leave snail killing it and go to grass, cows eat it and starts again

Question 14

Phoresy Hosts

Answer 14

Transport/Dispersal without metabolically or physiologically relying on host

Ex: Mites used flying insects to move them to different locations then fall off
Bot Flies use mosquitoes to transfer eggs into the human body

Question 15

Mechanical Vector

Answer 15

Transfer Pathogens without development or multiplication

Question 16

Cyclodevelopmental Transmission

Answer 16

Development without multiplication
-Changes body forms but not reproduce

Question 17

Propagative Transmission

Answer 17

Multiplication without development
-Do not develop within mosquito but multiply within mosquito host

Question 18

Cyclopropagative Transmission

Answer 18

Both development and multiplication

Question 19

Reservoir Host

Answer 19

2 definitions
-Host where a parasite normally dwells, maintaining it even without active transmission
-Host the serves as a source of infection for humans and sustains the parasite when not infecting humans

Question 20

Paratenic Hosts

Answer 20

Transport Host: Provide a safe haven, prolonging parasite survival and aiding transmission

Question 21

Heterakis Gallinarum

Answer 21

-Chickens become infested with the nematode when they ingest the parasite eggs on the soil
-Gets into earthworm parasite life is prolonged
-Not harming the earthworm
- Waits to be eaten by the chicken again

Question 22

How important is the host to a parasite?

Answer 22

The host is its environment, making the need to find and inhabit it crucial