Other Symbioses Flashcards
Symbiosis
Intimate association between organisms of two different species
What’s the difference between a predator and a parasite?
Predator is lookin to kill for food but parasite is not looking to exactly kill
-Predators free-living, generally larger than their prey, generally kill prey
-Parasite requires host (lives in or on), generally smaller than them, and usually do not kill host
Human Hookworm
Nematode the infects the human intestine
Burrow into the intestine and feeds of the blood from the wound
Diagnosed by eggs in stool sample
Human Hookworm lifecycle
-Filariform Larva penetrate into the foot
-Larvae enter blood stream make way to lungs get coughed up and goes to digestive tract
- In digestive trace worms mate and create eggs that get pooped out
-Eggs in environment hatch into Rhabditifrom larva eating bacteria as they grow they turn into Filarifomr larva
Can human hookworm be considered predator and parasite?
It depends on the lifecycle it is in
-Rhabditiform is a predator of bacteria
-Filariform is a parasite of humans
Brood Parasitism
Other animals raise the young of other animals while there young get pushed out
-Birds eggs get deposited into a nest and the other eggs get pushed out
-The owner of the nest if feeding a different species bird
Parasite?
-The eggs were pushed out
-not living on or near
Cleptoparasite
Steals food or other resources obtained by other organism
Parasite?
- Do not hunt on their own
-Steal food from other organisms
Parasitoids and example
Spend an amount of their life on or within a single host
-Usually kills or consume the host
Then leaves host for a free living period of existence
Wasp lays eggs inside an insect host, eggs hatch as host eats, eggs take nutrients from the inside out
Parasite reaches maturity and palpitates, hatches and leaves while killing host
Parasite?
-smaller than host
-it is benefiting
-living inside
but
-sexual repo occurs outside host
-kills host
Parasitism definition then?
It will change depending on the context of what is being talked about
Complex Relationship
The greenland shark and copepods. Copepod attached to te eye of the shark impairing vision but the copepod acts as a lure for prey. This lends towards mutualism or commensalism or parasitism. If eye is being damages but also makes it easier to hunt to food by bring prey closer is it being harmed?
Conditional Mutualisms
Plants and Fungi: The fungi bring the plant nutrients and the plant helps the fungi get carbon but if it is in a very nutrients rich area and does not need the nutrient help it is just taking carbon being a parasite. If it is in a nutrient poor area and needs the nutrients is fungi is being a mutualist.
Simultaneous Parasite and Mutualist
Mosquito feeding on a rodent infected with malaria
-Malaria helps the mosquito feed and the mosquito lets malaria complete its lifecycle
-Malaria is a mutualist with the mosquito and a parasite to the rodent
Parasitism and Cleaners
Host relieves of ectoparasites by cleaners
Cleaners benefit by obtaining nutrition
but cleaner at risk of predation and clients could get harmed
-if either one gets to hungry flesh could be taken
