Definitions Continues Flashcards
Kinetic molecular theory
All matter is composed particles which have a certain about of energy which allows them to move at different speeds depending on the temperature. There are spaces between the particles and also attractive forced between particles when they come together
Relative atomic mass
The ratio of the average mass of one atom of an element to one twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon - 12
Atomic number
Number of protons in an atom
Proton
Particle found in the nucleus of an atom, it is positively charged
Electron
Smallest particle that makes up an atom and is found outside the nucleus, it’s negatively charged
Neutron
Particle found in the nucleus of an atom, it has no electric charge
Mass number
Number of protons and neutrons in nucleus of an atom
Isotope
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons, resulting in different atomic masses
Aufbau principle
Electrons orbiting one or more atoms fill the lowest available energy level before filling the higher energy levels
Hunds rule
Electrons would rather be in a sub shell on their own then share the orbital in the same energy level
Paul’s exclusion principle
Electrons have a property of spin and two electrons must have an opposite spin to share a sub shell
Orbital
Region in space where you’re most likely to find electrons
Valence electrons
Electrons found in the outermost energy level of an atom that can participate in forming chemical bonds with other atoms
Atomic radius
The measure of the size of the atom. I. e. The distance from the centre of the nucleus to the point where the electron cloud ends
Chemical bond
Physical process that causes atoms to be attracted to each other and held together in more stable chemical compounds called molecules
