Definitions/Concepts Flashcards
Cell totipotency
Potential that a cell can give rise to a new plant
Differentitation
Process where cells become different from eachother
Dedifferentiation
Differentiation is reversed to produce a cell with a more embryonic form
Autotrophic
an organism that produces its own food using light, water, and carbon dioxide
Doubled Haploid
A plant derived from haploid cell whose chromosome number was doubled
What are advantages of doubled haploid compared to the traditional method?
- rapidly produce homozygous lines
- fixed genes (phenotype=genotype)
- screenable at early stages
- PCR marker assisted breeding
Hyperhyrdricity/ Vitrification
- tissues look water-soaked, translucent, lack chlorophyll, brittle, crystalline
- plantlets have fast growth: short internodes, curly leaves, loss of cuticle and excessive ethylene production
- plantlets eventually die
What are causes of Hyperhyrdricity/ Vitrification
- water potential of media (excessive, due to low concentration of agar)
- excessive cytokinin concentration in media
- plantlets in culture too long
- ethylene gas
What are remedies of Hyperhyrdricity/ Vitrification
- minimize cytokinin concentration
- increase agar concentration
- improve air exchange in vessels
- add activated charcoal to media
Chimera
different genotypes growing adjacent to eachother in plant tissue
Transformation
introduction and stable genomic integration of foreign DNA
Transgene
a segment of DNA that has been isolated from one organism and is introduced into a different organism
Heat shock is used in which technique and why?
- microspore culture
- induces genes for embryogenesis
Transgenic plant
plant processing a transgene (genetically modified or engineered)
Benzyl adenine (BA)
- cytokinin
- stimulate cell division
-tissue regeneration
Indole butyric acid
- IBA
- auxin
- stimulates callus production and cell growth
- initiate roots
- induce somatic embryogenesis
- stimulate growth from shoot tip cultures
What are some reasons for somaclonal variation?
- structural changes in DNA
- ploidy changes
- chimeras
variation is genetic or epigentic - variation occurs in cultures
What are some reasons for hardening off?
- to acclimatize tissue culture derived plant to new conditions
- lower humidity
Plant in tissue culture vessels have what characteristics that make the plant require hardening off?
- underdeveloped cuticle
- open stomata
- underdeveloped root system, few root hairs
