definitions

Question 1

Define Monomer

Answer 1

A molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer; such as DNA, RNA, proteins and carbohydrates

Question 2

Define polymer

Answer 2

A large molecule made of repeating smaller molecules called monomers

Question 3

Define polymerisation

Answer 3

The process of joining monomers in a chemical reaction

Question 4

Define a condensation reaction

Answer 4

A reaction which joins two molecules with the formation of a chemical bond and involves the elimination of a molecule of water

Question 5

Define a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 5

A reaction which breaks a chemical bond between two molecules and involves the use of a water molecule

Question 6

Define a glycosidic bond

Answer 6

A bond formed between two monosaccharides

Question 7

Define a polar molecule

Answer 7

A molecule which has a partial positive charge in one part of the molecule and a complementary negative charge in another part

Question 8

Define a Non-Polar molecule

Answer 8

A molecule in which the electrons are shared equally between the nuclei, so the distribution of charge is even and the force of attraction between different molecules is small

Question 9

Define saturated

Answer 9

All the carbon atoms are linked with the maximum number of hydrogen atoms and there are no double carbon bonds

Question 10

Define unsaturated

Answer 10

Molecules with one or more double carbon bonds

Question 11

Define emulsion

Answer 11

A fine dispersion of minute droplets of one liquid in another in which it is not soluble or miscible

Question 12

Define an amino group

Answer 12

-NH2 group which had an overall positive charge

Question 13

Define a carboxyl group

Answer 13

-COOH group which has an overall negative charge

Question 14

Define chromatography

Answer 14

A process which is used to separate mixtures

Question 15

Define a dipeptide bond

Answer 15

A bond which Is formed between two amino acids

Question 16

Define a polypeptide

Answer 16

A polymer consisting of amino acids joined together in a process of polymerisation

Question 17

Define a prosthetic group

Answer 17

A non-protein group which form part of or is associated with a protein

Question 18

Define activation energy (bio)

Answer 18

The energy required to bring about a reaction

Question 19

Define enzyme

Answer 19

A globular protein that acts as a biological catalyst

Question 20

Define active site

Answer 20

A specific region of the enzyme, made of a small number of amino acids

Question 21

Define substrate

Answer 21

The molecule on which the enzyme acts

Question 22

Define inhibitor

Answer 22

A substance that directly or indirectly interferes with the functioning of an enzymes active site

Question 23

Define competitive inhibitor

Answer 23

An inhibitor which bonds to the active site of an enzyme

Question 24

Define a non-competitive inhibitor

Answer 24

An inhibitor which binds to the enzyme at a different site

Question 25

define metabolism

Answer 25

metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions that take place in a living organism