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bio 01-Biological Molecules > 1.2 Carbohydrates and monosaccharides > Flashcards

1.2 Carbohydrates and monosaccharides Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic unit of a sugar called

A

Saccharide

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2
Q

What is a single monomer of sugar called

A

A monosaccharide

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3
Q

What is a pair of monosaccharides called after a condensation reaction, joining them

A

A disaccharide

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4
Q

What can more than 2 monosaccharides form after a condensation reaction, joining them

A

Polysaccharides

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5
Q

What are some properties of monosaccharides

A

They are sweet tasting, soluble substances, have the general formula (CH2O)n where n can be any number from 3-7

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6
Q

What are 3 examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

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7
Q

What does Glucose + Glucose make

A

Maltose

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8
Q

What does glucose + fructose make

A

Sucrose

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9
Q

What does glucose + galactose make

A

Lactose

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10
Q

What are the two isomers of glucose

A

α - glucose

β - glucose

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11
Q

What is the name for the test for testing for reducing sugars

A

Benedict’s test

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12
Q

What sugars are reducing sugars

A

All monosaccharides and maltose

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13
Q

What is a reducing sugar

A

A sugar that can donate electrons to another chemical

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14
Q

What is Benedict’s reagent

A

An alkaline solution of copper(II) sulfate.

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15
Q

Give three examples of Hexoses

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

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16
Q

Give two examples of pentoses

A

Ribose

Deoxyribose

17
Q

What is the formula of a disaccharide

A

C12H22O11

18
Q

what is the test for a reducing sugar

A

add the food sample in a liquid or aqueous form to an equal volume of Benedict’s reagent. Heat the mixture gently in a boiling water bath for 5 mins. If a reducing sugar is present an orange-brown colour is formed.

19
Q

what is the test for a non-reducing sugar

A

add the food sample to dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat the mixture gently in a boiling water bath for 5 mins. The HCL will hydrolyse any disaccharides. Slowly add some sodium hydrogencarbonate (NaHCO3) in order to neutralise the acid. Test with PH paper to check that the solution is alkaline. retest the solution by adding the food sample in a liquid or aqueous form to an equal volume of Benedict’s reagent. Heat the mixture gently in a boiling water bath for 5 mins. If a reducing sugar is present an orange-brown colour is formed.

20
Q

what is the test for starch

A

place the sample in a test tube or add two drops of the sample to a spotting tile. add two drops of iodine solution and shake or stir. a positive test will go blue-black.

bio 01-Biological Molecules (10 decks)

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