1.1 Introduction to biological molecules Flashcards
What is a covalent bond
A bond in which atoms share electrons in their outer shells crating molecules
What is an ionic bond
A bond in which oppositely charged ions attract one another and this electrostatic attraction creates the bond.
They are weaker than covalent bonds
What is a hydrogen bond
A polarised molecules negative region, caused by the electronegativity of hydrogen, attracts the positive pole of another molecule. A weak electrostatic bond is formed and although weak, they can collectively alter physical properties of molecules due to the important forces that they produce.
What is the process by which a monomer is turned into a polymer
Polymerisation
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate called
Monosaccharide
What is formed from the condensation of nucleotides
Polynucleotides
Nucleic acids
What is formed form the condensation of monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates
What is caused by the condensation of fatty acids and glycerol
Lipids
What is caused by the condensation of amino acids
Polypeptides
Proteins
What is made along side the polymer in a condensation reaction
Water
What is formed from the hydrolysis of nucleic acids or polynucleotides
Nucleotides
What is formed from the hydrolysis of carbohydrates (polysaccharides)
Monosaccharides
What is formed from the hydrolysis of lipids
Fatty acids and glycerol
What is formed from the hydrolysis of proteins (polypeptides)
Amino acids
What is required for a hydrolysis reaction to take place
Water
