1.3 Carbohydrates - disaccharides and polysaccharides Flashcards
what is maltose formed from
glucose and glucose
what is sucrose formed from
glucose and fructose
what is lactose formed from
glucose and galactose
what is the bond called that forms between disaccharides
glycosidic bond
what is the formula of a disaccharide
C12H22O11
what are the three polysaccharides
starch, cellulose, glycogen
what is the function for starch
storage for plants
what is the function for cellulose
structure for plants
what is the function for glycogen
storage for animals
how is starch formed
joining 200-100,000 a glucose molecules by glycosidic bonds in a series of condensation reactions
what is the name for branched starch
amylopectin
what is the name for unbranched starch
amylose
what glycosidic bonds does amylopectin have
1:4 & 1:6 glycosidic bonds
what glycosidic bonds does amylose have
1:4 glycosidic bonds
what is the function of the unbranched form in starch
it is wound into a tight coil which makes the molecule very compact
what is the function of the branched form in starch
the branched form has many ends which allows for more enzymes to act upon it at the same time so glucose monomers are released very rapidly
why is it beneficial for starch to be insoluble
it does not affect the water potential and water is not drawn into the cell by osmosis
why is it beneficial for starch to be large and insoluble
so it doesn’t diffuse out of cells
why is it beneficial for starch to be compact
it can be stored in a small space
how does glycogen differ from starch in terms of structure
it has shorter chains and is more highly branched
where is glycogen stored
in animals liver and muscles
why is it beneficial for glycogen to be insoluble
it does not affect the water potential and water is not drawn into the cell by osmosis
why is it beneficial for glycogen to be large and insoluble
so it doesn’t diffuse out of cells
why is it beneficial for glycogen to be compact
it can be stored in a small space
