1.3 Carbohydrates - disaccharides and polysaccharides

Question 1

what is maltose formed from

Answer 1

glucose and glucose

Question 2

what is sucrose formed from

Answer 2

glucose and fructose

Question 3

what is lactose formed from

Answer 3

glucose and galactose

Question 4

what is the bond called that forms between disaccharides

Answer 4

glycosidic bond

Question 5

what is the formula of a disaccharide

Answer 5

C12H22O11

Question 6

what are the three polysaccharides

Answer 6

starch, cellulose, glycogen

Question 7

what is the function for starch

Answer 7

storage for plants

Question 8

what is the function for cellulose

Answer 8

structure for plants

Question 9

what is the function for glycogen

Answer 9

storage for animals

Question 10

how is starch formed

Answer 10

joining 200-100,000 a glucose molecules by glycosidic bonds in a series of condensation reactions

Question 11

what is the name for branched starch

Answer 11

amylopectin

Question 12

what is the name for unbranched starch

Answer 12

amylose

Question 13

what glycosidic bonds does amylopectin have

Answer 13

1:4 & 1:6 glycosidic bonds

Question 14

what glycosidic bonds does amylose have

Answer 14

1:4 glycosidic bonds

Question 15

what is the function of the unbranched form in starch

Answer 15

it is wound into a tight coil which makes the molecule very compact

Question 16

what is the function of the branched form in starch

Answer 16

the branched form has many ends which allows for more enzymes to act upon it at the same time so glucose monomers are released very rapidly

Question 17

why is it beneficial for starch to be insoluble

Answer 17

it does not affect the water potential and water is not drawn into the cell by osmosis

Question 18

why is it beneficial for starch to be large and insoluble

Answer 18

so it doesn’t diffuse out of cells

Question 19

why is it beneficial for starch to be compact

Answer 19

it can be stored in a small space

Question 20

how does glycogen differ from starch in terms of structure

Answer 20

it has shorter chains and is more highly branched

Question 21

where is glycogen stored

Answer 21

in animals liver and muscles

Question 22

why is it beneficial for glycogen to be insoluble

Answer 22

it does not affect the water potential and water is not drawn into the cell by osmosis

Question 23

why is it beneficial for glycogen to be large and insoluble

Answer 23

so it doesn’t diffuse out of cells

Question 24

why is it beneficial for glycogen to be compact

Answer 24

it can be stored in a small space

Question 25

why is it beneficial for glycogen to be more highly branched than starch

Answer 25

it has more ends which enzymes can work on simultaneously. this is important in animals as they have a higher metabolic rate and respiratory rate than plants as they are more active.