Definitions Flashcards
What is nutrition?
It is the bodily process of taking in, and assimilating, nutrients from food to support the body’s health
What are the 6 main nutrients that the body needs?
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water, vitamins, minerals
Macronutrients are the only nutrients that provide the body with what?
Energy in the form of calories
Why do carbohydrates provide quick energy for the body?
Because they can be broken down more easily than other macronutrients
What are the 3 types of carbohydrates?
simple, complex, fiber
What are the 3 main types of fats?
saturated, unsaturated, trans
What are the two types of unsaturated fats?
monounsaturated and polyunsaturated
What are proteins?
They are large molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They are required for structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.
What are the subunits that make up a protein that are attached to one another in one long chain?
amino acids
What are the 3 things that the body saves proteins for?
growth, development, repair
All Dietary Theories shift the _____, _____, and _____ of macronutrients.
balance, source, timing
Most diets fail because people restrict too much and their daily caloric consumption drops below their _________.
resting metabolic rate or RMR
What is the resting metabolic rate?
RMR is the minimal amount of energy or calories needed in order for the body to function.
What happens when caloric intake drops below a certain level?
The body senses danger and begins to store food as fat, which leads to the body signaling you to eat due to a sense of starvation.
When you are dieting, you often lose valuable metabolically active _____ and gain back predominantly _____.
muscle, fat
Fat cells mainly _____ energy, while muscle cells ________ and ________.
store
actively utilize and burn energy
What is stress?
Stress is a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or very demanding circumstances.
What can cause the digestive system to shut down?
stress
Blood sugar is the concentration of ______ in the blood.
glucose
What is the body’s preferred/main energy source?
glucose
When is the hormone Grehlin released?
Grehlin is released when the body is in need of energy, which signals you to begin looking for nourishment.
What is the delivery system that carries glucose to your cells?
the bloodstream
What hormone is a determining factor of how the body utilizes blood sugar?
insulin
Ketones mainly provide energy to the _____ and _____.
heart, brain
What is the process of ketogenesis?
Ketogenesis utilizes a form of stored energy, usually only occurs when the body is in a perceived state of starvation and is used as a last resort.
The body can gain energy from _____ and _____, but glucose is the preferred energy source.
proteins, fats
What type of carbohydrate is digested and absorbed quickly, providing a quick burst of energy followed by a crash?
simple carbohydrates
What type of carbohydrate takes the body longer to break down, producing a slow, even burn without drastically spiking blood sugar levels?
complex carbohydrates
What is the name for processed sugar, or white table sugar?
Sucrose
_____ sugar is disguised by various names in many processed foods, which causes people to consume more sugar than they often think they are.
Processed
If you are having a _____ blood sugar reaction, you may experience brain fog, difficulty concentrating, impatience, nervousness, heart palpitations, excess sweating, light-headedness, nausea, fatigue, or moodiness.
low
If you are having a _____ blood sugar reaction, you may experience a feeling of hyper-anxiety, increased thirst, headaches, or feeling as though you are bouncing off the walls.
high
The smallest, gentlest intervention you can make, that will also have the biggest impact, is _____________.
balancing blood sugar
What will the body do when there is too much or too little glucose, or sugar, in the blood?
It will trigger a significant stress response
_____ carb —> spike —> crash —> craving ( _____ or _____) —> spike —> crash —> craving
simple, sugar or caffeine
