definitions

Question 1

altruism

Answer 1

a behaviour that is costly to the actor and beneficial to the recipient

Question 2

mutualism

Answer 2

a cooperative interaction in which both participants receive an immediate benefit

Question 3

cooperation

Answer 3

behaviour that benefits another individual and that has been selected for because of its beneficial effects on the recipient

Question 4

kin selection

Answer 4

selection for characteristics due their beneficial effects on the fitness of relatives

Question 5

inclusive fitness

Answer 5

the personal fitness an individual expresses in its production of adult offspring (direct fitness) and the survival and reproductive success of its kin

Question 6

group selection

Answer 6

selection through differential extinction or proliferation of groups

Question 7

reciprocity

Answer 7

help is reciprocated at a later date so both participants benefit - ‘you scratch my bad, ill scratch yours’

Question 8

manipulation

Answer 8

one individual is tricked into being altruistic to another of the same or different species

Question 9

natural selection

Answer 9

individuals of different genotypes make a differential contribution of offspring to the next generation