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LC Chemistry > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Acidic Oxide

A

Oxide that lowers pH in water

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2
Q

Activation energy

A

minimum energy needed for colliding particles to react

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3
Q

Addition Polymerisation

A

Monomers combining to form a large molecule

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4
Q

Adsorption

A

The method of attachment of gaseous or liquid molecules to solid surface

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5
Q

Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS)

A

instrumental method used to analyse water for heavy metls

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6
Q

Atomic number

A

number of protons in nucleus

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7
Q

Atomic orbital

A

Region around nucleus in which there is a high probability of finding electron

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8
Q

Bond energy

A

average energy required to break 1 mole of bonds into separate atoms in the gaseous state

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9
Q

catalyst

A

substance that alters rate of a reaction and is not used up

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10
Q

catalytic poison

A

substance that blocks the active site of a catalyst and stops it working eg. Pb for Pt, Pd and Rh in a catalytic converter

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11
Q

Chemical equilibrium

A

state in which rate of forward reaction = rate of reverse reaction

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12
Q

chromatography

A

separation of a mixture of components based on their relative attractions for a stationary phase while carried by a mobile phase

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13
Q

condensation reaction

A

production of a more complex molecule with formation of an unsaturated compound (or double bond) by the loss of a small molecule

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14
Q

covalent bond

A

involving sharing of one or more pairs of electrons

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15
Q

crystals

A

regular solids made up of particles with faces intersecting at fixed angles or consisting of particles in a lattice

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16
Q

Dobereiner’s Tiads

A

elements of similar properties in groups of three

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17
Q

Dynamic

A

reaction has notstopped

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18
Q

Effective collision

A

one that results in a reaction

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19
Q

electrolysis

A

chemical reaction caused by electric current passing through an electrolyte

20
Q

electronegativity

A

measure of relative attraction for shared electrons

21
Q

equilibrium

A

rate of forward reaction = rate of reverse reaction

22
Q

eutrophication

A

excess plant growth caused by excess nutrient in water

23
Q

feedstock

A

Modified and purified raw materials

24
Q

flocculation

A

clumping of suspended solids in the water

25
Q

greenhouse factor

A

stating its influence on the greenhouse effect compared with carbon dioxide

26
Q

greenhouse effect

A

blocking the escape of radiation by gases in the atmosphere

27
Q

greenhouse gas

A

atmospheric gas that prevents escape of heat

28
Q

heterogeneous catalyst

A

reactants and catalyst in different phases

29
Q

homogeneous catalyst

A

reactants and catalyst in the same phase

30
Q

homologous series

A

group of organic chemicals which have the same general formula or differ by CH2 or same functional group

31
Q

hydrocarbon

A

compounds composed of carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H) only

32
Q

immiscible liquids

A

do not mix or do not dissolve in each other

33
Q

isomers

A

compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formulas

34
Q

intermolecular

A

forces between molecules

35
Q

intramolecular

A

forces between atoms in a molecule

36
Q

K𝓌

A

= [H⁺][OH⁻] or [H₃O⁺][OH⁻]

37
Q

limiting reagent

A

substance that is totally consumed when the chemical reaction is complete

38
Q

nitrogen fixation

A

conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to compounds that can be used by plants

39
Q

pH

A

definition is the formula

40
Q

pi bond

A

side-on overlap of p-orbitals

41
Q

reversible

A

can go in both directions

42
Q

scrubbing

A

method of removing pollutants from industrial chimney gases

43
Q

sigma bond

A

head-on overlap of orbitals

44
Q

standardised

A

concentration got by another titration (or colorimetry or u.v. spectroscopy)

45
Q

structural isomers

A

compounds having same molecular formula but diff structural formulas

46
Q

volatile

A

easily vaporised

LC Chemistry (26 decks)

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