Definitions

Question 1

Acidic Oxide

Answer 1

Oxide that lowers pH in water

Question 2

Activation energy

Answer 2

minimum energy needed for colliding particles to react

Question 3

Addition Polymerisation

Answer 3

Monomers combining to form a large molecule

Question 4

Adsorption

Answer 4

The method of attachment of gaseous or liquid molecules to solid surface

Question 5

Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS)

Answer 5

instrumental method used to analyse water for heavy metls

Question 6

Atomic number

Answer 6

number of protons in nucleus

Question 7

Atomic orbital

Answer 7

Region around nucleus in which there is a high probability of finding electron

Question 8

Bond energy

Answer 8

average energy required to break 1 mole of bonds into separate atoms in the gaseous state

Question 9

catalyst

Answer 9

substance that alters rate of a reaction and is not used up

Question 10

catalytic poison

Answer 10

substance that blocks the active site of a catalyst and stops it working eg. Pb for Pt, Pd and Rh in a catalytic converter

Question 11

Chemical equilibrium

Answer 11

state in which rate of forward reaction = rate of reverse reaction

Question 12

chromatography

Answer 12

separation of a mixture of components based on their relative attractions for a stationary phase while carried by a mobile phase

Question 13

condensation reaction

Answer 13

production of a more complex molecule with formation of an unsaturated compound (or double bond) by the loss of a small molecule

Question 14

covalent bond

Answer 14

involving sharing of one or more pairs of electrons

Question 15

crystals

Answer 15

regular solids made up of particles with faces intersecting at fixed angles or consisting of particles in a lattice

Question 16

Dobereiner’s Tiads

Answer 16

elements of similar properties in groups of three

Question 17

Dynamic

Answer 17

reaction has notstopped

Question 18

Effective collision

Answer 18

one that results in a reaction

Question 19

electrolysis

Answer 19

chemical reaction caused by electric current passing through an electrolyte

Question 20

electronegativity

Answer 20

measure of relative attraction for shared electrons

Question 21

equilibrium

Answer 21

rate of forward reaction = rate of reverse reaction

Question 22

eutrophication

Answer 22

excess plant growth caused by excess nutrient in water

Question 23

feedstock

Answer 23

Modified and purified raw materials

Question 24

flocculation

Answer 24

clumping of suspended solids in the water

Question 25

greenhouse factor

Answer 25

stating its influence on the greenhouse effect compared with carbon dioxide

Question 26

greenhouse effect

Answer 26

blocking the escape of radiation by gases in the atmosphere

Question 27

greenhouse gas

Answer 27

atmospheric gas that prevents escape of heat

Question 28

heterogeneous catalyst

Answer 28

reactants and catalyst in different phases

Question 29

homogeneous catalyst

Answer 29

reactants and catalyst in the same phase

Question 30

homologous series

Answer 30

group of organic chemicals which have the same general formula or differ by CH2 or same functional group

Question 31

hydrocarbon

Answer 31

compounds composed of carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H) only

Question 32

immiscible liquids

Answer 32

do not mix or do not dissolve in each other

Question 33

isomers

Answer 33

compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formulas

Question 34

intermolecular

Answer 34

forces between molecules

Question 35

intramolecular

Answer 35

forces between atoms in a molecule

Question 36

K𝓌

Answer 36

= [H⁺][OH⁻] or [H₃O⁺][OH⁻]

Question 37

limiting reagent

Answer 37

substance that is totally consumed when the chemical reaction is complete

Question 38

nitrogen fixation

Answer 38

conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to compounds that can be used by plants

Question 39

pH

Answer 39

definition is the formula

Question 40

pi bond

Answer 40

side-on overlap of p-orbitals

Question 41

reversible

Answer 41

can go in both directions

Question 42

scrubbing

Answer 42

method of removing pollutants from industrial chimney gases

Question 43

sigma bond

Answer 43

head-on overlap of orbitals

Question 44

standardised

Answer 44

concentration got by another titration (or colorimetry or u.v. spectroscopy)

Question 45

structural isomers

Answer 45

compounds having same molecular formula but diff structural formulas

Question 46

volatile

Answer 46

easily vaporised