Definitions

Question 1

ALARA

Answer 1

As Low as Reasonably Achievable

Question 2

Radiation Protection (3 main factors)

Answer 2

Time / Distance / Shielding

Question 3

Particulate Radiation

Answer 3

High speed particles

Question 4

Electromagnetic Radiation

Answer 4

Neither mass nor charge, but have energy (both x & gamma rays are electromagnetic only differ in origin)

Question 5

Radioactive

Answer 5

Unstable isotopes

Question 6

(+) Alpha Particle Emission

Answer 6

Heavy, stable particle ejected from nucleus @ extremely high velocity (continues to occur until stable element is reached)

Question 7

Neutron Emission

Answer 7

Decay by fission; splits into 2 smaller nuclei

Question 8

(-) Particulate Radiation

Answer 8

Beta particle emission is dependent on “N” to “Z” ratio

Question 9

Radiation

Answer 9

High speed particles or energy travelling in electromagnetic waves

Question 10

Main difference between various forms of electromagnetic energy is _________&_________.

Answer 10

Frequency & Wavelength

non-ionizing = longer/slower) (ionizing = shorter higher

Question 11

Ionization

Answer 11

Process of adding electrons to or removing electrons from atoms or molecules

Question 12

Exposure

Answer 12

Quantity of radiation incident upon an object (R)

Question 13

Radiation Intensity (Dose Rate)

Answer 13

Absorbed by any matter placed in a radiation beam (R/hr or Sv/hr)

Question 14

Radiation Absorbed Dose

Answer 14

Radiation damage in living tissue (RAD or Gray Gy)

Question 15

Quality Factor

Answer 15

Biological effectiveness

Question 16

Half Life

Answer 16

Length of time required for the activity to decay to one-half its initial activity

Question 17

Types of Survey Meters

Answer 17

1. Ion Chamber Instruments
2. Geiger muller counter
3. Proportional counters

Question 18

Types of Dosimeters

Answer 18

1. DRD - direct reading dosimeter
2. TLD - thermoluminescent dosimeter
3. OSL - optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters

Question 19

Classification of Effects (4)

Answer 19

1. Acute - within mins/days/weeks
2. Chronic - years or generations later
3. Somatic - rad injury to person but not reproductive cells
4. Genetic - exposure that results in chromosome damage

Question 20

Collimator

Answer 20

Small pcs of lead, depleted uranium or tungsten that partially surrounds source to absorb radiation not directed toward area being RT’d

Question 21

Half Value Layer

Answer 21

Reduce intensity to one half of its original value

Question 22

Tenth Value Layer

Answer 22

Reduce intensity to one tenth of its original value

Question 23

Absorbed Dose

Answer 23

Radiation has been absorbed by some substance; usually human tissue

Question 24

Attenuation

Answer 24

Reduction in intensity of radiation as it passes through any material ie. lead shielding

Question 25

Background Radiation

Answer 25

Radiation emitted from naturally occurring radioactive materials in earth & from cosmic rays

Question 26

Activity

Answer 26

Strength of radioactive source

Question 27

Collimator

Answer 27

Small radiation shield of lead or other heavy material (place on the end of guide tube)

Question 28

Decay

Answer 28

Disintegration of atoms that have excess energy; radiation emitted in process

Question 29

Isotopes

Answer 29

Same element w/ different mass; emits Alpha & Beta Particles

Question 30

Xray

Answer 30

Transfer of energy between high speed interaction of electrons & dense target material & can be controlled (on/off switch)

Question 31

Gamma

Answer 31

Atom or molecule which has charge due to loss or gain of valence

Question 32

Ionization

Answer 32

Process of adding electrons to or removing electrons from atoms or molecules