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Cognitive Psychology > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Cognitive Angle?

A

Concerned with the internal processes of the mind as a way of explaining human behaviour.

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2
Q

What is Information Processing?

A

Input, Processing, Output

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3
Q

What is the Computer Analogy?

A

Computer = Mind

Used as an analogy to understand the mind

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4
Q

What is the difference between a computer and the human mind?

A

Humans are slower for searching for information

We are better at using mental shortcuts to locate information

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5
Q

Memory

A

The processes by which we store and retrieve information

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6
Q

Forgetting

A

If we fail to encode, store or retrieve information, forgetting will occur

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7
Q

Encoding

A

The process of transforming sensory information into a memory trace

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8
Q

Storage

A

Sensory Storage –> Short Term –> Long Term

Retaining/Maintaining information in STM or LTM

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9
Q

Retrieval

A

Locating and Extracting stored memories for use

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10
Q

What does the computer analogy handle?

A

Information

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11
Q

In the computer analogy where is the information input from?

A

The senses

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12
Q

In the computer analogy what is the information in the form of?

A

Memory and Language

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13
Q

In the computer analogy what is the output in the form of?

A

Decision Making, Speech and Action

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14
Q

What is a lab experiment?

A

Conducted under highly controlled conditions

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15
Q

Advantages of lab experiment? List 2

A
  • Precise control of variables

- High reliability - Can be easily replicated

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16
Q

What is the purpose of control over variables?

A

To isolate the one key variable (the IV), in order to observe it’s effect on the DV.

17
Q

What is control intending to allow the researcher to conclude?

A

That it is the IV and nothing else which is influencing the DV.

18
Q

Disadvantages of lab experiment? List 4

A
  • Demand characteristics could be present
  • Low ecological validity, so difficult to generalise findings
  • Not always possible to control all variables - May be variable the experimenter is unaware of
  • Ethical Issues - experiments often involve deceiving the participants to some extent
19
Q

Disadvantages of lab experiment? List 4

A
  • Demand characteristics could be present
  • Low ecological validity, so difficult to generalise findings
  • Not always possible to control all variables - May be variable the experimenter is unaware of
  • Ethical Issues - experiments often involve deceiving the participants to some extent
20
Q

What it ecological validity?

A

How true to life it is

21
Q

What is IV?

A

The thing you change

22
Q

What is DV?

A

The thing you measure

23
Q

What is extraneous variable?

A

The thing that can’t be controlled, but could affect results

24
Q

Advantages of lab experiment? List 2

A
  • Experimental Control

- High reliability - Can be easily replicated

25
Q

What is an extraneous variable?

A

The thing that can’t be controlled, but could affect results

26
Q

What is a field experiment?

A

Conducted in a real world situation.

Participants are usually unaware that they are in an experiment.

27
Q

Advantages of a field experiment? List 2

A
  • Usually high in ecological validity

- Avoids demand characteristics/socially desirable behaviour as participant is unaware of the experiment

28
Q

Disadvantages of field experiment? List 3

A
  • Hard to achieve experimental control
  • Usually time consuming and expensive to conduct
  • Ethical Issues - No consent/debrief to participant
29
Q

What is experimental control?

A

Precise control of variables

30
Q

What is another way of saying natural experiment?

A

Quasi experiment

31
Q

What is a natural experiment?

A

Conducted in the everyday environment of the participants.

The experimenter has no control over the IV as it occurs naturally in real life.

32
Q

Disadvantages of field experiment? List 3

A
  • Hard to achieve experimental control
  • Usually time consuming and expensive to conduct
  • Ethical Issues - No consent/debrief to participant
33
Q

Advantages of natural experiment? List 3

A
  • High ecological validity
  • Low demand characteristics - Participants don’t know that they are being studied
  • Can be used in situations where it would be ethically unacceptable to manipulate the IV e.g. researching stress
34
Q

Disadvantages of natural experiment? List 4

A
  • No control over EV that might bias the results.
  • Hard to replicate
  • No control over IV
  • Unethical as participants don’t know they are being observed (no consent).

Cognitive Psychology (8 decks)

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