Craik and Lockhart SCRUM

Question 1

Supporting Evidence list 3

Answer 1

Craik and Tulving - deep memory process is best
Nyberg - Strong memory trace in semantically processed information.
Students revising

Question 2

What did Nyberg conduct?

Answer 2

Brain scans

Question 3

What did Nyberg find?

Answer 3

Concluded that activity in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain is greater and is doing ‘more work’ when the information is semantically processed for meaning.

Question 4

Conflicting Evidence

Answer 4

Reber et al

Question 5

What did Reber et al do? (CONFLICTING)

Answer 5

High/low emotional content words were presented in ways that led to being processed deeply or shallowly.

Question 6

What were Reber et als findings? (CONFLICTING)

Answer 6

How words were presented had no effect on emotional words - recalled as well as the non-emotional words that were semantically processed.

Question 7

What did Reber et al conclude? (CONFLICTING) List 2

Answer 7

• Emotional content of words affected recall independent of depth of processing.
• Therefore LOP is not a complete explanation for how memory works.

Question 8

Reductionist. List 3

Answer 8

• Doesn’t explain how we measure the depth of information in the brain
• Doesn’t explain why a deeper processing leads to a stronger memory trace
• Other factors influence why we remember information e.g. unusual info

Question 9

Usefulness. List 2

Answer 9

• Helps people to remember more information by processing it more deeply. e.g. students
• Clinical practice: used to improve the memory of patients

Question 10

Methodology

Answer 10

• Nyberg is strong experiment - scientific - more control

- Craik and Tulving - could be artificial - lab