Definitions Flashcards
What is a Morel-Lavallee lesion
Closed, internal degloving injury in which there is shearing of the subcutaneous tissues off the underlying fascia with development of a haematoma within the hollow space with presence of necrotic fat
What is a non-union
Incomplete and non-progressive fracture healing of a long bone after 6 months based on serial clinical and radiological review
FDA (1986) - minimum 9 months has elapsed since injury and the fracture shows no visible progressive signs of healing for 3 months.
Delayed union
Incompete but progressive fracture healing of a bone longer than expected.
Definition of a sesamoid
Small independent bone developed in a tendon where it passes over an angular structure.
What is the sinus tarsi
A hollow or canal formed by the groove of the talus and the interosseous groove of the calcaneus that is occupied by the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament
What is a definition of galvanic corrosion?
Electrochemical potential created between two metals in physical contact when immersed in a conductive medium
Definition of a ganglion
Benign mucin Filled synovial pseudocyst related to a joint or ligament representing the most common hand mass
Definition of rheumatoid arthritis
Chronic, symmetrical, autoimmune erosive inflammatory polyarthropathy with both intra- and extra-articular manifestations involving small and large joints affecting 1-2% of the population
Believed to be due to an inflammatory cascade with formation of antigen-antibody complexes releasing proteolytic enzymes leading to intra-articular (synovitis) and extra-articular (vasculitis) manifestations
Definition of osteoporosis
Systemic skeletal disease characterised by low bone mass, micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increased fracture risk
What is Gauchers
Inherited autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder characterised by bleeding tendencies and skeletal manifestations of AVN and Erlenmeyer flask deformity
What is Erlenmeyer flask
A radiological appearance of the distal femur with flaring of the metaphysis
Gauchers - b-glucocerebrosidase Norman pick - sphingomyelinase Haemoglobinopathies - thalassamia/sickle Osteopetrosis MHE Metaphyseal dysplasia Lead poisoning
What is Ankylosing spondylitis
It is a chronic seronegative inflammatory Arthropathy that affects the axial and appendicular skeleton, characterised by inflammation and ankylosis of the spine, sacroiliac joints and hips.
What is he definition of Charcot arthropathy?
Progressive, non-infectious, destructive arthropathy caused by loss of protective mechanism in patients with sensory neuropathy
What is the definition of Hallux valgus
Condition of the 1st ray in which there is a bunion and lateral deviation of the proximal phalanx on the 1st MT
What is Allodynia
Extreme sensitivity to light touch; pain due to a mechanical or thermal stimulus that normally does not provoke pain
What is alpha error
Term used in biostatistics to describe where a difference is shown between the results of two forms of treatment in a RCT where there is in fact no difference. Also known as a type I error
What is apparent leg length
True leg length plus or minus deformity
What is Beta error
Term used in biostatistics to describe where a difference is not shown between the results of two forms of treatment in a RCT where there is in fact a difference. Also known as a type II error
What is a bone island
a focal area of compact bone replacing cancellous bone and generally considered to be a developmental abnormality of no significance
What is a brittle material
One which does not undergo a period of plastic deformation
What is Brown-Sequard syndrome
An uncommon pattern of SCI usually secondary to a penetrating injury and characterized by ipsilateral motor loss and contralateral pain and temperature loss usually two levels below the insult. Carries an excellent (90%) chance of some recovery
What is a buford complex
Anterosuperior labrum foramen along with a cord like middle glenohumeral ligament found in 1.5% of shoulders
What is Caffey’s disease
Infantile cortical hyperostosis
What is Caput Ulna syndrome
End stage destruction of the distal radial ulna joint results in dorsal prominence of the ulna, supination of the carpus on the radius and volar subluxation of ECU. The dorsal prominence can result in attrition rupture of EDC (Vaughn-Jackson syndrome)
What is carpal height ratio
This is an indication of carpal collapse. It is obtained by dividing the height of the carpus by the length of the middle metacarpal (the height of the carpus is obtained along the line dropped from the middle metacarpal). Normal ratio is 0.54 +/- 0.03. With carpal collapse the ratio decreases (eg below 0.50) Defined by Youm
What is the definition of a cavo-varus foot
Form of pes cavus where the first ray alone (i.e. not the fifth ray) is drawn towards the calcaneus which is itself in varus
What is central cord syndrome
A common pattern of spinal cord injury in elderly patients arising from hyperextension on a spondylotic spine characterized by sacral sparing and a greater upper limb than lower limb deficit, greater distal than proximal deficit and a 75% chance of some recovery
What is a ceramic
a solid inorganic compound consisting of metallic and nonmetallic elements held together by ionic or covalent bonding
What is cerebral palsy
a disorder of movement and posture due to a nonprogressive lesion of the developing brain
What is a chondrosarcoma
- A primary malignant tumour of cartilage producing cells
- A dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is a chondrosarcoma that has given rise to a more highly malignant tumour such as an osteosarcoma or MFH
What is a chondroblastoma
Benign tumour of immature cartilage cells, characteristically found in the epiphysis
Also known as Codman’s tumour
Ernest Codman - Boston Surgeon - 1st tumour registry, pioneered study of medical outcomes
What is a chordoma
A slow growing locally invasive neoplasm that is derived from remnants of the primitive notochord
What is coxa vara
Femoral neck shaft angle
What is Down’s syndrome
Trisomy 21, first describe by John Down in his 1866 paper “Observations on an ethnic classification of Idiots”
Define Dupuytren’s disease
A proliferative fibroplasia of subcutaneous palmar tissue, occurring in the form of nodules or cords, that may cause progressive and irreversible flexion contractures of the fingers.
What is scoliosis?
3D deformity of the spine characterised by an abnormal curvature of the spine, radio logically as a coronal plane deformity with Cobb angle >10•
Neuromuscular scoliosis is characterised by an atypical long C-shaped curve
What is an antalgic gait?
It is a pain avoidance gait characterised by shortened stance phase on the affected side and shortened swing phase on the contralateral side.
What is Spina bifida
- SPINA BIFIDA (MYELODYSPLASIA) is a CONGENITAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER caused by INCOMPLETE CLOSURE OF THE NEURAL TUBE.
- MYELOMENINGOCOELE is the most common type of spina bifida, caused by PROLAPSE OF THE CORD & DURA.
