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Orthopaedics > Classifications > Flashcards

Classifications Flashcards

0
Q

Classification of Galleazzi fractures

A

Walsh JBJSBr 1987
Type 1 - volar apex and volar dislocation - supination injury
Type 2 - dorsal and dorsal. Probation injury

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1
Q

Classification of Monteggia fractures

A

Badot
Type 1 - apex anterior with anterior dislocation
Type 2 - apex posterior with posterior dislocation
Type 3 - apex lateral with lateral dislocation
Type 4 - any direction fracture with proximal ulna and radial head fracture-dislocation

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2
Q

Classification of Bipartite patella

A

Saupe classification

Type 1 - inferior pole 5%
Type 2 - lateral pole 20%
Type 3 - superolateral 75%

Saupe H, Deutshe Z Chir 1943;258:386

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3
Q

Classification of Paediatric hip fracture

A

Delbet

Type 1 - transepiphyseal 10% (AVN 100%)
Type 2 - transcervical. 50% (AVN 50%)
Type 3 - cervicoteochanteric 30% (AVN 25%)
Type 4 - inter trochanteric 10% (AVN 10%)

Type 1 - 50% dislocations. THINK NAI

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4
Q

Classification of infantile Blount’s

A

Langenskiold

1 beaked Metaphysis
2 saucer shaped defect
3 stepped defect
4 bent physeal plate
5 double epiphysis
6 physeal bar
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5
Q

Classification of acromial fractures

A

Kuhn

1 - non displaced or minimally displaced
2 - Displaced but does not compromise the subacromial space
3 - Displaced but compromises the subacromial space

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6
Q

Classification of scapula fractures

A

Ada and Miller

1a - acromial
1b - scapular spine
1c - coracoid

2a - glenoid neck
2b - glenoid neck
2c - glenoid neck

3 glenoid fractures

4 body fractures

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7
Q

Classification of glenoid fractures

A

Mayo modification of Ideburg classification

1- ant/inferior -bankart
2- superior 1/3 to 1/2 displaced articular in continuity with coracoid
3- inferior 1/2 extending to lateral border
4- inferior articular surface extending to body
5- type 4 plus coracoid, acromial or free superior articular component

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8
Q

What are the classifications used for LCP disease - Perthes

A 
Herring - lateral pillar height
Group A - no involvement lateral pillar
Group B - >50% maintained LP height
Group B/C 50% maintained LP height
Group C -
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9
Q

At risk signs for perthes - Catterall

A

Gage sign / radiolucency in shape of V in lateral epiphysis

Calcification lateral to epiphysis

Laterally subluxed femoral head

Horizontal physis

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10
Q

Late changes of Perthes in proximal femur and head shape

A 
Coxa breva
Coxa Magna
Coxa plana
Coxa vara
Sagging rope sign
GT overgrowth
Shortening
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11
Q

Classification of perilunate instability

A

Mayfield

1 - scapholunate ligament
2 - SL and LC
3 - SL and LC and LT - dorsal perilunate dislocation
4 - volar lunate dislocation

Fracture - trans’bone’ perilunate dislocation

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12
Q

Classification of Hamatometacarpal fracture dislocation

A

Cain

1a - ligamentous - stable-cast, unstable -CRPP
1b - dorsal hamate fracture - stable-cast, unstable - ORIF
2 - comminuted dorsal hamate. -ORIF to restore dorsal buttress
3 - coronal hamate fracture - ORIF to restore congruent joint surface

CRPP - CR with per cutaneous pinning

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13
Q

Causes of Erlenmeyer flask deformity

A 
C - cranio Metaphyseal dysplasia 
H - Haemoglobinopathies - sickle
O - OI
N - Niemann  pick
G - Gauchers

M - MPS
M - MHE
M - metal poisoning

Pyles
Lead poisoning

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14
Q

Classification of navicular fractures

A

Tuberosity
Avulsion
Stress
Body

Sangeorzan

Type 1 - transverse
Type 2 - oblique
type 3 - central

Poor central blood supply
Undisplaced - non-op
Displaced - ORIF

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15
Q

Classify paediatric pelvis fractures

A

Torode and Zieg

1- avulsion
2- iliac wing
3- simple ring
4- disrupted ring

Tile
A- stable vertically and rotational 
A1 not involving the ring
A2 involving the ring
B- vertically stable but rotational unstable
B1 open book
B2 lateral compression/ipsilateral
B3 lateral compression/contra lateral
C- unstable in both 
Unilateral/bilateral/associated with acetabular fracture
Young and Burgess
Lat compression 
 LC1- sacral on side of impact
 LC2- crescent on side of impact
 LC3- 1or2 with contralateral open book
AP Compression
 APC1- minor opening symphysis and anterior SI
APC2- opening anterior SIJ and intact posterior SIJ
APC3- complete SIJ
VS - vertical shear
CM - combined mechanism
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16
Q

What is the classification of soft tissues for fractures.

A

Tscherne

Grade 0 - 
1
2
3
4
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17
Q

What is the classification of pilon fractures

A

Ruedi-Allgower

1- undisplaced
2- displaced / minimally comminuted
3- displaced / highly comminuted

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18
Q

What is the MESS score

A

Age 0,1,2
BP 0,1,2
Circulation 1,2,3 (x2)
Degree of injury 1,2,3,4

Critic
Score is 7
>=7 amputation
50
BP always >90, transiently hypotensive, persistent
Normal perfusion, pulse less decreased cap refill, cool paralysed insensate (x2 >6 hours ischaemia)
Low energy, medium, high, very high

19
Q

What is classification of acetabular fractures?

A

Judet & Letournel

Elementary
1-posterior wall
2-posterior column
3-anterior wall
4-anterior column 
5-transverse - trans, juxtra, infra-tectal 
Associated
1-PW & PC
2-PW & transverse
3-AC & hemitransverse
4- T-type
5- both column
20
Q

What is the classification of trigger finger

A

Green

1- Palm pain and tenderness A1 pulley
2- catching of digit
3- locking of digit, passively correctable
4- flexed, locked digit

21
Q

Classification of loosening in THR

A

Harris

Possibly - incomplete Lucent line >50% at cement-bone interface

Probably - continuous Lucent line at C-B interface

Definitely loose -

  • subsidence
  • cement mantle fracture
  • implant fracture
22
Q

How do you classify bony defects in a THR

A

AAOS

Acetabular 
1 - Segmental deficiency 
2 - Cavitatory deficiency (intact A & P columns)
3 - Combined deficiency 
4 - Pelvic discontinuity
5 - Arthrodesis
Femur
1 - Segmental deficiency 
2 - Cavitatory deficiency 
2a - Cavitatory only
2b - Ectasia (femoral expansion)
3 - Combined deficiency 
4 - Malalignment
5 - Stenosis
6 - Femoral discontinuity

Segmental needs Structural BG
Cavitatory needs non-structural BG
P/F discontinuity requires Healing Bone Bridgjng Fixtion

Paprosky
Based on severity of bone loss and ability to obtain cementless fixation
Based on integrity of
Superior migration of hip centre, ischial osteolysis, acetabular teardrop osteolysis, and position of implant relative to Kohler’s line
1) TYPE 1 ​
Rim intact with no significant rim distortion. Columns intact acetabulum hemispherical. Small focal areas contained bone loss. Kohler line not violated. No migration of component and no osteolysis Hemispherical uncemented implant
2) TYPE 2 ​
2a – Columns and rim intact. Bone loss superior and medial. Hip centre migrated superiorly. Migration 3cm migration, moderate ischial lysis and intact Kohler line
Hemispherical cup will have 1/2 circumference
Failed component has migrated superiorly and medially
High risk of pelvic discontinuity – recontruict posterior column.
Massive allograft and revonstruction cages

23
Q

Classification of Freiburgs

A

Smilie

1-5
1- pre xray
2- sub chondral collapse dorsal
3- Collapse only plantar left
4- Complete MT head collapse
5- Degenerative OA
24
Q

Classification of Kienbocks

A

Lichtmann

1- norm xray or linear fracture
2- lunate  sclerosis
3- lunate collapse 
3a - Normal carpal height
3b - Decreased carpal height /proximal migration capitate / ring sign
4- pancarpal arthritis
25
Q

Classifications of humeral head AVN

A

Cruess

1- normal xray. Seen on mri
2- sclerosis and osteopaenia
3- crescent sign
4- flattening and collapse
5- degenerative changes to glenoid
26
Q

What are the classifications for Charcot?

A 
Eichenholtz 
0- preradiological 
1- Fragmentation
2- Coalescence
3- Reconstruction
Brodsky
1- TMTJ & IMTJ - mid foot
2- Peritalar
3a- Ankle
3b- calcaneal fracture
4- combination
5- forefoot only

Schon
Pattern of deformity
Complex and no evidence for its use

27
Q

Classifications for OCD of knee and of ankle

A

Clanton and Delee for knee
Same as -

ANKLE
Berndt & Harty (X-rays)

Gd 1- Stable, not detached/undisplaced
Gd 2- Stable, partially detached/undisplaced
Gd 3- Unstable, completely detached/undisplaced
Gd 4- Unstable, completely detached/displaced (loose)

Ferkel- MRI
Pritsch - Arthroscopy

28
Q

What is the classification of peroneal retinaculum tears - peroneal tendon instability

A

Gd 1- SPR partially elevated off fibula allowing big tendons to sublux

Get 2- SPR separates off cartilaginous ridge of lateral malleolus allowing tendons to sublux between SPR and cartilaginous ridge

Gd 3- Cortical avulsion of SPR off fibula allowing subluxed tendons to move underneath the cortical fragment

Gd 4- SPR torn from calcaneus not fibula

29
Q

What is. Classification for hallux rigidus?

A

Coughlin

0- 60 degrees / X-ray norm
1- 40 / dorsal osteophyte
2- 30 / dorsal and lateral or medial o’phyte
3-

30
Q

What are your classification systems of osteomyelitis?

A

Acute (sup abscess), chronic (involucrum and sequestrum)

Direct or indirect

Cierny-Mader staging

Anatomical location - 1,2,3,4
Physiological status of host - A, BL, BS, C

Anatomic - medullary, superficial, localised, diffuse
Status - normal, local, systemic, treatment worse than infection

31
Q

Classification of HO at the knee

A

Rader

1- lesion 5cm in one location
3- lesion >5cm in 2 locations

32
Q

Classification of Supracondylar periprosthetic knee fractures

A

Rorabeck and Lewis 1999

Type 1 - non-displaced and stable
Type 2 - displaced and stable
Type 3 - unstable - non or displaced

SU
Type 1 - above level of femoral component
Type 2 - at level of
Type 3 - Below level

33
Q

Classification of tibial periprosthetic knee fractures

A

Felix 1997

Type 1 - tibial plateau
Type 2 - adjacent tibial stem
Type 3 - distal to stem
Type 4 - tibial tubercle

34
Q

Classification of patella periprosthetic fracture

A

Goldberg

Type 1 - not involving implant or quads
Type 2 - involving implant and / or quads
Type 3 -
- a inferior pole # with patella ligament rupture
- b inferior pole # without ligament rupture
Type 4 - all types with # dislocations

35
Q

Classification of OCD at knee

A

Papas - age at presentation. 1-3. Open to closed physis.

Clanton and DeLee - X-rays
1- Stable / not detached / undisplaced 
2- partially detached
3- unstable and detached
4- displaced

Cahill and Berg
Split AP into 5 and lateral into 3. 15 zones
2 c most common

36
Q

Shoulder arthritis - both OA and CTA

A

Walch
A- concentric, B- eccentric , C- retroverted

Seebauer
1- centred a) mild, b) moderate
2- decentred a) severe b) antsup escape

37
Q

Classification of periprosthetic THR fractures - not bone defects

A 
Paprosky 
1- Intra op # primary THR
2- intra op # revision THR
3- traumatic #
4- atraumatic # 
5- pelvic discontinuity

Peterson and Lewallen
1- # associated with clinical and radiological stable component
2- # associated with unstable acetabular component

38
Q

Classification of Acromion morphology

A

Bigliani
Tyep 1 - Flat 17%
Type 2 - Curved 43%
Type 3 - Hooked 40%

39
Q

Classification of stages of RC degeneration

A

Neer
Stage 1 - Oedema and haemorrhage
Stage 2 - Fibrosis and tendinitis
Stage 3 - Bone spurs and RCT

40
Q

Classify RC tears by size

A

Small - 5cm involving 2 or more tendons

41
Q

Classify RC tears by chronicity

A

Acute 3 months

42
Q

Classify RC tears by degree of retraction

A

Patte CORR 1990
Type 1 - Stump close to bony insertion
Type 2 - Stump retraction to level of humeral head
Type 3 - Stump retraction to level of glenoid

43
Q

Classify Partial thickness RC tears

A

Ellman -
Size - 6
Location - A-articular, B-bursal, C- interstitial

PASTA - partial articular Supra tendon avulsion
PAINT - Partial thickness articular surface intra-tendinous tears

Habermayer - Coronal and sagital classifications
Tear ranging from cartilage bone transition laterally to GT &
From coracohumeral ligament medially to Supra tendon into crescent zone

44
Q

Classify RC tears by fatty infiltration

A 
Goutallier COOR 1984 - CT scans
MRI scans is Fuchs & Thomazeau
0 - Normal
1 - fatty streaks
2- 50%

Thomazeau - T1 images
1 - Normal or slight atrophy
2 - Moderate
3 - Serious or severe

45
Q

What is abnormal AHI

A

Normal range - 7-14mm mean 10.5mm

If

Orthopaedics (19 decks)

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