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Psychology > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Consciousness

A

Refers to the State of being aware of and able to think about one‘s own existence, thoughts and surroundings

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2
Q

Two Track mind

A

Brain operates on two distinct levels - conscious and unconscious

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3
Q

Selective attention

A

Cognitive process that allows individuals to focus on specific stimuli while filtering out irrelevant information
- enabling efficient processing of important Details in a complex environment

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4
Q

Inattentional Blindness

A

psychological phenomenon where individuals fail to notice visible objects when their attention is focused on a different task

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5
Q

Change Blindness

A

perceptual phenomenon where individuals fail to notice significant changes in their visual environment, often due to a lack of attention or the way information is presented
- limitations of Visual awareness

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6
Q

Sleep (REM-NREM)

A
  • 1 cycle = 90 min
  • NREM1 = light sleep
  • NREM2 = deeper Sleep
  • NREM3 = deep sleep
  • REM = rapid eye movement - dream phase
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7
Q

Personality

A

Refers to the unique and stable patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving that define a person

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8
Q

Defense Mechanism

A

Psychological strategy that individuals unconsciously use to protect themselves from anxiety or emotional distress

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9
Q

Repression - Defense Mechanism

A

Pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious
- forgetting a traumatic childhood event

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10
Q

Projection - Defense Mechanism

A

Attributing one‘s feelings to others
- a jealous Partner accusing their spouse of infidelity

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11
Q

Displacement - Defense Mechanism

A

Redirecting emotions to a safer target
- yelling at a friend After a Bad day at work

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12
Q

Rationalization - Defense Mechanism

A

Justifying behaviors with logical reasons
- saying „I didn’t want that Job anyway“ after being rejected

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13
Q

Humanistic Theory

A
  • way of understanding people that focuses on their positive qualities, personal growth and their ability to choose their own path in life
  • everyone has the potential to become the best Version of themselves
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14
Q

Carl rodgers‘ person-centered perspective

A
  • emphasizes the individual‘s innate drive toward self-growth, self-actualization and fullfilment
  • people need an Environment that fosters acceptance, empathy and genuineness
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15
Q

Psychology

A

Scientific Study of behaviour and mental processes, encompassing everything from brain activity to cultural influences

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16
Q

Freudian Psychology

A

Emphasizes unconscious processes and early life experiences

17
Q

Humanistic Psychology

A

Highlighted growth potential and personal fulfillment

18
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

Explores mental processes like memory and problem-solving

19
Q

Biological and evolutionary Psychology

A

Studies brain mechanisms, genetics and evolution

20
Q

Social-cultural psychology

A

examines how behavior and thought differ across cultures and contexts

21
Q

Behaviorism

A

Focuses on observable behavior and rejects introspection

22
Q

Correlation

A

Identifies relationships between variables but does not imply causation

23
Q

Experimentation

A
  • Manipulates independent variables to observe effects on dependent variables
24
Q

Random sampling

A

ensures every individual has an equal chance of participation, enhancing the study‘s generalizability

25
Q

Control groups

A

Compare outcomes to groups without experimental manipulation

26
Q

Blind- and Double-Blind- Procedures

A

Minimize bias in data collection and interpretation

27
Q

Cocktail Party effect

A

Ability to focus on one voice in a noisy environment but shift attention of a salient stimulus arises

28
Q

Functions of Sleep

A
  1. protection
  2. Restoration
  3. memory consolidation
  4. creativity
  5. growth
29
Q

Insomnia

A

Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep

30
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Sudden, uncontrollable sleep attacks

31
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Breathing interruptions during sleep

32
Q

Night terrors

A

High arousal and panic during NREM3, primarily in children

33
Q

Memory

A

Is the persistence of Learning over time, encoded, stored and retrieved for later use

34
Q

Intelligence

A

mental potential to learn from experience, solve Problems and adapt to new situations

35
Q

Motivation

A
  • Is a need or a desire that energizes and directs behavior
  • arises from the interplay between biological drives, learned incentives and environmental influences
36
Q

Stress

A
  • is the process of perceiving and responding to events that are appraised as threatening or challenging

Psychology (22 decks)

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