Definitions

Question 1

Ecosystem

Answer 1

• All organisms living in a particular area and all abiotic conditions

Question 2

Biotic factors

Answer 2

• Living factors

Question 3

A biotic factors

Answer 3

• Non-living factors

Question 4

Gross Primary Production

Answer 4

• Total amount of chemical energy converted from light energy by plants in a given area

Question 5

Respiratory loss

Answer 5

• Energy lost from GPP via respiration

Question 6

Net Primary Production

Answer 6

• Energy left over (GPP - R = NPP)

Question 7

Food chains

Answer 7

• Show simple lines of energy transfer

Question 8

Trophic level

Answer 8

• Each stage of a food chain

Question 9

Food web

Answer 9

• Show lots of food chains in an ecosystem and how they overlap

Question 10

Decomposers

Answer 10

• Break down dead and undigested material so nutrients can be recycled

Question 11

Detritivores

Answer 11

• Feed on dead material - internal digestion
• Worms etc

Question 12

Saprobionts

Answer 12

• Extracellular digestion
• Secrete enzymes, break it down, absorb products
• Bacteria, fungi etc

Question 13

Habitat

Answer 13

• Place an organism lives

Question 14

Population

Answer 14

• All the organisms of one species in a habitat

Question 15

Community

Answer 15

• Populations of different species in a habitat make up a community

Question 16

Niche

Answer 16

• The role a species has within its habitat

Question 17

Adaptation

Answer 17

• A feature that members of a species have that increases their chances of survival and reproduction

Question 18

Interspecific competition

Answer 18

• Organisms of different species compete for the same resources

Question 19

Intraspecific competition

Answer 19

• Organisms of the same species compete for the same resources

Question 20

Predation

Answer 20

• An organism (predator) kills and eats another organism (prey)

Question 21

Carrying capacity

Answer 21

• Maximum stable population size of a species that an ecosystem can support

Question 22

Genotype

Answer 22

• Genetic makeup of an individual (alleles that they posses)

Question 23

Phenotype

Answer 23

• Characteristics of an individual that result from the expression of their genes and their interaction with the environment

Question 24

Homozygous

Answer 24

• Having 2 identical alleles of a gene

Question 25

Heterozygous

Answer 25

• Have 2 different alleles for a gene

Question 26

Dominant

Answer 26

• Allele whose effects are always shown in the phenotype, even in a heterozygous individual

Question 27

Recessive

Answer 27

• An allele whose effects are only shown when there is no dominant allele present - when the individual is homozygous for the allele

Question 28

Codominant

Answer 28

• Alleles whose effects both show in the phenotype of a heterozygous individual

Question 29

Multiple alleles

Answer 29

• A gene that has more than 2 allelic forms

Question 30

Autosome

Answer 30

• A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

Question 31

Epistasis

Answer 31

• When the allele of one gene masks the expression of the alleles of another gene

Question 32

Linked genes

Answer 32

• Different genes on the same chromosome

Question 33

Carrier

Answer 33

• A person carrying an allele which is not expressed in the phenotype but can be passed on to the offspring

Question 34

Gene

Answer 34

• A sequence of nucleotide bases on DNA that codes for a specific polypeptide

Question 35

Locus

Answer 35

• Position of a gene on a chromosome

Question 36

Homologous chromosome

Answer 36

• A pair of chromosomes with the same genes at the same loci

Question 37

Allele

Answer 37

• One form of a gene

Question 38

Sex linked gene

Answer 38

• Gene found on a sex chromosome –> X or Y