Definitions Flashcards
What is an AGONIST?
Drug that activates a receptor by binding to that receptor
What is an ANTAGONIST?
Drug that binds to a receptor without activating that receptor
Define a COMPETITIVE antagonism
Present when increasing concentrations of the antagonist progressively inhibits the response to the agonist
What is NON-COMPETITIVE ANTAGONISM?
Present when after administration of an antagonist, even high concentrations of agonist cannot completely over the antagonism. The agonist can’t out-compete the antagonist.
Define Partial Agonist
A drug that bings to a receptor but does not cause a full drug effect
What is an Inverse Agonist?
Is an agonist that competes for the same site as the agonist but has the opposite effect. Also favors the inactive form.
What is a vessel-rich group? What areas of the body are considered to be vessel-rich?
Tissues that receive higher arterial blood flow.
Includes the heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, & brain.
Define zero-order processes.
Dose-dependent
Metabolism of ETOH
The rate of change is constant (The rate of elimination is constant).
Drug concentration decreases, as clearance increases, and the rate of elimination is constant
Define 1st order elimination
Rate proportional to the amount
Concentration decreases as rate of elimination decreases and clearance is constant
What is elimination half time? How does this differ from elimination half life?
Elimination half time is time for plasma concentration to fall to 50%
Elimination half-life is time for the body to eliminate 50% of the drug
What is context-sensitive half-time? Can you use context-sensitive half-time for bolus doses?
Is the time for the plasma concentration to decrease by 50% from an infusion that maintains a constant concentration
No; it is only for infusions
Define clearance
The ratio of elimination of a drug to the concentration of the drug in the plasm or blood. Units are volume/time
What is sterochemisty?
The study of how molecules are structured in three dimensions
What is chirality?
A molecule with a center of a 3 dimensional asymmetry
What is enantiomerism?
A pair of molecules that are mirror images; can’t be superimposed. Optical isomers
What does Dextrorotatory mean?
Right
What does Rectus mean?
Right
What does Levorotatory mean?
Left
What does Sinister mean?
Left
What is a racemic mixture?
Enantiomers are present in equal proportions. S/R or R/L. 1/3 of drugs are racemic mixtures
Define the 3 types of pain
Neuropathic pain: triggered by lesions to the somatic sensory nervous system - got from Google
Somatic pain: pain related to muscle skeleton
Visceral pain: pain related to activation of nociceptors in the thorax, abdomen, & pelvis - think organ pain
What is synergistic in relation to drugs?
Combination of 2 drugs with greater than summative effects
Define efficacy & potency.
Efficacy: ability to produce intended results.
Potency: the relationship of the dose to the effect
What is median effective dose?
ED50. Dose to produce effects in 50% of patients
