definitions Flashcards
clone
genetically identical organisms produced by asexual reproduction of one parent
mitosis
division of a eukaryotic cell to produce 2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells
vegetative propagation
asexual method of plant reproduction that occurs in its leaves, roots and stem
micropropagation
artificial process of producing plants vegetatively through tissue culture or cell culture techniques
tissue culture
a method of biological research in which fragments of tissue from an animal or plant are transferred to an artificial environment in which they can continue to survive and function
asexual reproduction
a mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by a single parent
cuttings
portion of a stem, root, or leaf cut from the parent plant for the production of a new independent plant by inducing it to form shoots and roots under favorable environmental conditions
stem cell
a cell that can divide (by mitosis) an unlimited number of times
totipotent
the ability to divide into any type of cell
meristem
regions of unspecialised cells in plants that are capable of cell division
embryo splitting
formation of twins or multiple embryos in vitro to split an embryo
artificial twinning
cloning or embryo splitting
exponential
when a population is experiencing uninhibited growth
enucleation
the removal of the nucleus
decline
the rate of cell death is greater than the rate of cell growth
death
the point where the living cells stop metabolic functions and begin the process of death
fermenter
the breaking down of sugar molecules into simpler compounds to produce substances that can be used in making chemical energy
impeller
driven rotor used to increase pressure and flow
sparger
breaks up air stream into bubbles by a water jet
buffer
solutions that resist any change in the pH
optimum
a condition or a result that is favourable or best for a particular living entity
asepsis
sterile methods used in a laboratory to prevent the cultivation of unwanted microorganisms
primary metabolite
chemical compounds produced during the growth and development, processes
secondary metabolite
small organic molecules produced by an organism that are not essential for their growth, development and reproduction
batch culture
large-scale closed system culture in which cells are grown in a fixed volume of nutrient culture medium under specific environmental conditions
continuous culture
set of techniques used to reproducibly cultivate microorganisms at submaximal growth rates
immobilised enzyme
an enzyme surrounded by or attached to an insoluble substance
