definitions

Question 1

clone

Answer 1

genetically identical organisms produced by asexual reproduction of one parent

Question 2

mitosis

Answer 2

division of a eukaryotic cell to produce 2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells

Question 3

vegetative propagation

Answer 3

asexual method of plant reproduction that occurs in its leaves, roots and stem

Question 4

micropropagation

Answer 4

artificial process of producing plants vegetatively through tissue culture or cell culture techniques

Question 5

tissue culture

Answer 5

a method of biological research in which fragments of tissue from an animal or plant are transferred to an artificial environment in which they can continue to survive and function

Question 6

asexual reproduction

Answer 6

a mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by a single parent

Question 7

cuttings

Answer 7

portion of a stem, root, or leaf cut from the parent plant for the production of a new independent plant by inducing it to form shoots and roots under favorable environmental conditions

Question 8

stem cell

Answer 8

a cell that can divide (by mitosis) an unlimited number of times

Question 9

totipotent

Answer 9

the ability to divide into any type of cell

Question 10

meristem

Answer 10

regions of unspecialised cells in plants that are capable of cell division

Question 11

embryo splitting

Answer 11

formation of twins or multiple embryos in vitro to split an embryo

Question 12

artificial twinning

Answer 12

cloning or embryo splitting

Question 13

exponential

Answer 13

when a population is experiencing uninhibited growth

Question 14

enucleation

Answer 14

the removal of the nucleus

Question 15

decline

Answer 15

the rate of cell death is greater than the rate of cell growth

Question 16

death

Answer 16

the point where the living cells stop metabolic functions and begin the process of death

Question 17

fermenter

Answer 17

the breaking down of sugar molecules into simpler compounds to produce substances that can be used in making chemical energy

Question 18

impeller

Answer 18

driven rotor used to increase pressure and flow

Question 19

sparger

Answer 19

breaks up air stream into bubbles by a water jet

Question 20

buffer

Answer 20

solutions that resist any change in the pH

Question 21

optimum

Answer 21

a condition or a result that is favourable or best for a particular living entity

Question 22

asepsis

Answer 22

sterile methods used in a laboratory to prevent the cultivation of unwanted microorganisms

Question 23

primary metabolite

Answer 23

chemical compounds produced during the growth and development, processes

Question 24

secondary metabolite

Answer 24

small organic molecules produced by an organism that are not essential for their growth, development and reproduction

Question 25

batch culture

Answer 25

large-scale closed system culture in which cells are grown in a fixed volume of nutrient culture medium under specific environmental conditions

Question 26

continuous culture

Answer 26

set of techniques used to reproducibly cultivate microorganisms at submaximal growth rates

Question 27

immobilised enzyme

Answer 27

an enzyme surrounded by or attached to an insoluble substance