animal cloning Flashcards
1
Q
state the 2 types of artificial animal cloning
A
- embryo splitting
- somatic cell nuclear transfer
2
Q
describe the process of embryo splitting
A
- 2 parents with desired characteristics are selected
- female is given a hormone to produce many eggs
- samples of egg and sperm are used in IVF
- embryo forms and splits into identical cells
- the cells are inserted into different surrogate mothers
3
Q
describe the offspring in embryo splitting
A
clones of each other and original mother but not clones of parent hosts
4
Q
describe the process of somatic cell nuclear transfer
A
- somatic cell taken from desired animal & nucleus removed
- egg cell taken from female & nucleus removed
- somatic cell nucleus inserted into egg
- electric current supplied to egg cell so it divides and forms an embryo
- embryo cells are separated and inserted into surrogate mothers
5
Q
describe the offspring of SCNT
A
clones of each other and original somatic cell’s animal
6
Q
state 4 advantages of animal cloning
A
- produces more offspring
- cloning of genetically engineered embryos
- particular animals can be cloned
- increase rare/endangered animals
7
Q
state 3 disadvantages of animal cloning
A
- not efficient - only 1 embryo from many eggs
- high miscarriage rate
- animals produced often have a shorter lifespan
