definition of chapter 29 + notes Flashcards
ambiguous genitalia
a birth defect in which the sex of the fetus cannot be determined
allantois
allantois—a membrane that is present during early embryonic development that contributes to urinary bladder formation and development
check image online
caliectasis
dilation of the calices
cloaca
the embryonic structure that develops into the normal rectum and urogenital sinus
cloacal exstrophy
birth defect consisting of omphalocele, bladder exstrophy, imperforate anus, and spina bifida; also referred to as OEIS complex
encephalocele
protrusion of the brain and meninges through a defect in the skull
hydrocele
a fluid collection within the scrotum between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis
pelvicaliectasis
or pelvocaliectasis
dilation of the pelvic and calices of the kidney
what do you called an ureter that is dilated due to an obstruction
hydroureter or megaureter
hypospadias
abnormal ventral curvature of the penis as a result of a shortened urethra that exits on the ventral penile shaft
recessive polyscystic kidney disesease is associated with what ?
meckel- gruber syndrome
(includes RPKD , occipital encephalocele, oligo, and polydactyly. )
also associated with tri 13, 18.
fetal pyelectasis can be a marker for ?
down syndrome
lying down adrenal sign?
adrenal gland is in a craniocaudal position within the abdomen due to renal agenesis
abnormally enlarged urinary bladder called ?
megacystis
mesoblastic nephroma
the most common sold fetal renal mass
neuroblastoma
neuroblastoma—malignant tumor that can occur within the adrenal gland
obstructive cystic dysplasia
a fetal disorder caused by an early renal obstruction; leads to small and echogenic kidneys that have cysts located along their margins
+ hydro
OEIS complex
acronym that stands for omphalocele, bladder exstrophy, imperforate anus, and spina bifida; also referred to as cloacal exstrophy
pelviectasis
another name for it
dilation of the renal pelvis; may also be referred to as pyelectasis
posterior urethral valves
irregular thin membranes of tissue located within the male posterior urethra that does not allow urine to exit the urethra
Potter facies
facial features seen with severe oligohydramnios, including low set ears, flattened nose, wrinkled skin, and micrognathia
potter syndrome
physical features of a fetus as a result of oligohydramnios; characterized by bilateral renal agenesis, abnormal facies, pulmonary hypoplasia, and limb abnormalities; also referred to as Potter sequence
prune belly syndrome
syndrome that is a consequence of the abdominal wall musculature being stretched by the extremely enlarged urinary bladder
ureterocele
a cystic dilation of the ureter entering the bladder
urine cannot flow into bladder
causes hydro on that side affected
urachus
canal connecting the fetal bladder with the allantois; normally closes during fetal development and becomes a fibrous cord
The depth of a vertical poche of amniotic fluid that would suggest a
oligo
polyhydramnios
oligo = <2 cm
polyhydramnios = >18 cm
What volume of amniotic fluid is considered normal in 30 - 40 weeks
5- 25 cm
horseshoe kidney has the highest prevalence in fetuses with ?
Tuner syndrome - 60 %
Tri 18 - 20 %
In the 1st trimester, the kidney appears _________ to the surrounding anatomy ?
isoechoic
uretocele is mostly associated with ?
duplicated collecting system
Severe fetal hydronephrosis is called when the diameter is over
15 mm
A megaureter is diagnosed when the ureter measure greater than
7mm
Mesoblastic nephroma is associated with ?
- oligo
- poly
- poor prognosis
- small
polyhydramnios
Causes of UPJ include all except ?
a. ureteral kinks
b. peripelvic adhesions
3. aberrant crossing renal vessels
4. bladder dilation
bladder dilation
crossed renal ectopia
is a kidney located on the opposite side from which its ureter inserts into the bladder
