definition of chapter 29 + notes

Question 1

ambiguous genitalia

Answer 1

a birth defect in which the sex of the fetus cannot be determined

Question 2

allantois

Answer 2

allantois—a membrane that is present during early embryonic development that contributes to urinary bladder formation and development

check image online

Question 3

caliectasis

Answer 3

dilation of the calices

Question 4

cloaca

Answer 4

the embryonic structure that develops into the normal rectum and urogenital sinus

Question 5

cloacal exstrophy

Answer 5

birth defect consisting of omphalocele, bladder exstrophy, imperforate anus, and spina bifida; also referred to as OEIS complex

Question 6

encephalocele

Answer 6

protrusion of the brain and meninges through a defect in the skull

Question 7

hydrocele

Answer 7

a fluid collection within the scrotum between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis

Question 8

pelvicaliectasis

or pelvocaliectasis

Answer 8

dilation of the pelvic and calices of the kidney

Question 9

what do you called an ureter that is dilated due to an obstruction

Answer 9

hydroureter or megaureter

Question 10

hypospadias

Answer 10

abnormal ventral curvature of the penis as a result of a shortened urethra that exits on the ventral penile shaft

Question 11

recessive polyscystic kidney disesease is associated with what ?

Answer 11

meckel- gruber syndrome
(includes RPKD , occipital encephalocele, oligo, and polydactyly. )

also associated with tri 13, 18.

Question 12

fetal pyelectasis can be a marker for ?

Answer 12

down syndrome

Question 13

lying down adrenal sign?

Answer 13

adrenal gland is in a craniocaudal position within the abdomen due to renal agenesis

Question 14

abnormally enlarged urinary bladder called ?

Answer 14

megacystis

Question 15

mesoblastic nephroma

Answer 15

the most common sold fetal renal mass

Question 16

neuroblastoma

Answer 16

neuroblastoma—malignant tumor that can occur within the adrenal gland

Question 17

obstructive cystic dysplasia

Answer 17

a fetal disorder caused by an early renal obstruction; leads to small and echogenic kidneys that have cysts located along their margins

+ hydro

Question 18

OEIS complex

Answer 18

acronym that stands for omphalocele, bladder exstrophy, imperforate anus, and spina bifida; also referred to as cloacal exstrophy

Question 19

pelviectasis

another name for it

Answer 19

dilation of the renal pelvis; may also be referred to as pyelectasis

Question 20

posterior urethral valves

Answer 20

irregular thin membranes of tissue located within the male posterior urethra that does not allow urine to exit the urethra

Question 21

Potter facies

Answer 21

facial features seen with severe oligohydramnios, including low set ears, flattened nose, wrinkled skin, and micrognathia

Question 22

potter syndrome

Answer 22

physical features of a fetus as a result of oligohydramnios; characterized by bilateral renal agenesis, abnormal facies, pulmonary hypoplasia, and limb abnormalities; also referred to as Potter sequence

Question 23

prune belly syndrome

Answer 23

syndrome that is a consequence of the abdominal wall musculature being stretched by the extremely enlarged urinary bladder

Question 24

ureterocele

Answer 24

a cystic dilation of the ureter entering the bladder

urine cannot flow into bladder

causes hydro on that side affected

Question 25

urachus

Answer 25

canal connecting the fetal bladder with the allantois; normally closes during fetal development and becomes a fibrous cord

Question 26

The depth of a vertical poche of amniotic fluid that would suggest a

oligo
polyhydramnios

Answer 26

oligo = <2 cm

polyhydramnios = >18 cm

Question 27

What volume of amniotic fluid is considered normal in 30 - 40 weeks

Answer 27

5- 25 cm

Question 28

horseshoe kidney has the highest prevalence in fetuses with ?

Answer 28

Tuner syndrome - 60 %

Tri 18 - 20 %

Question 29

In the 1st trimester, the kidney appears _________ to the surrounding anatomy ?

Answer 29

isoechoic

Question 30

uretocele is mostly associated with ?

Answer 30

duplicated collecting system

Question 31

Severe fetal hydronephrosis is called when the diameter is over

Answer 31

15 mm

Question 32

A megaureter is diagnosed when the ureter measure greater than

Answer 32

7mm

Question 33

Mesoblastic nephroma is associated with ?

1. oligo
2. poly
3. poor prognosis
4. small

Answer 33

polyhydramnios

Question 34

Causes of UPJ include all except ?

a. ureteral kinks
b. peripelvic adhesions
3. aberrant crossing renal vessels
4. bladder dilation

Answer 34

bladder dilation

Question 35

crossed renal ectopia

Answer 35

is a kidney located on the opposite side from which its ureter inserts into the bladder