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Army Health System > Define Medical Evacuation > Flashcards

Define Medical Evacuation Flashcards

1
Q

Medical Evacuation (definition)

A

the timely and effective movement of the wounded, injured, or ill to and between medical treatment facilities on dedicated and properly marked medical platforms with en route care provided by medical personnel

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2
Q

En Route Care (definition)

A

the care required to maintain the phased treatment initiated prior to evacuation and the sustainment of the patient’s medical condition during evacuation

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3
Q

Patient movement (definition)

A

the act of moving a sick, injured, wounded, or other person to obtain medical and/or dental treatment

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4
Q

Patient (definition per FM 4-02)

A

a sick, injured, or wounded soldier who receives medical care or treatment from medically trained personnel

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5
Q

Types of Medical Evacuation Support

A
  • Direct support
  • Area support
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6
Q

Direct support (definition)

A

Requiring a force to support another specific force and authorizing it to answer directly to the supported force’s request for assistance
(ex. 68 series being attached to a line unit, air MEDEVAC)

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7
Q

Area support (definition)

A

a method of logistics, medical support, and personnel services in which support relationships are determined by the location of the units requiring support
* EAB units without organic MEDEVAC resources will require evacuation support on an area basis

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8
Q

Primary Tasks of MEDEVAC

A
  • Acquire and locate
  • Treat and stabilize
  • Intratheater medical evacuation
  • Emergency movement of medical personnel, equipment, and supplies
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9
Q

Acquire and locate purpose

A

Provide a rapid response to acquire wounded, injured, and ill personnel. Clear the battlefield of casualties and facilitate and enhance the tactical commander’s freedom of movement and maneuver. This task is performed by the medical evacuation crew of the evacuation platform.

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10
Q

Casualty definition

A

Someone who is injured and not receiving medical care. Once they start receiving medical care they become a patient. A casualty can also be considered a deceased person.

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11
Q

Treat and stabilize purpose

A

Maintain or improve the patient’s medical condition during transport and provide en route care as required. This task is performed by medical evacuation crewmembers and providers when necessary

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12
Q

Intratheater medical evacuation purpose

A

Provide rapid evacuation utilizing dedicated assets to the most appropriate role of care. Provide a capability to cross-level patients within the theater hospitals and to transport patients being evacuated out of theater to staging facility prior to departure. This task is performed by the evacuation platforms in the medical company (ground ambulance) and medical company (air ambulance)

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13
Q

Emergency movement of medical personnel, equipment, and supplies purpose

A

Provide a rapid response for the emergency movement of scarce medical resources throughout an operational environment

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14
Q

Medical Evacuation Tools

A
  • Casualty Collection Point
  • Ambulance Exchange Point
  • Ambulance Shuttle System
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15
Q

Casualty Collection Point (CCP)

A

A location that may or may not be staffed, where casualties are assembled for evacuation to a medical treatment facility
* managed by company 1SG

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16
Q

Ambulance Exchange Point (AXP)

A

A location where a patient is transferred from one ambulance to another en route to a medical treatment facility
* things to consider: time and distance
* established by Evacuation Support Section (Area)

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17
Q

Ambulance Shuttle System

A

A system consisting of one or more ambulance loading points, relay points, and when necessary, ambulance control points, all echeloned forward from the principal group of ambulances, the company location, or basic relay points as tactically required

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18
Q

Ambulance Shuttle System includes:

A
  • Ambulance Loading Point
  • Ambulance Relay Point
  • Ambulance Control Point
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19
Q

Ambulance Loading Point (ALP)

A

This is the point in the shuttle system where one or more ambulances are stationed ready to receive patients for evacuation.

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20
Q

Ambulance Relay Point (ARP)

A

This is a point in the shuttle system where one or more empty ambulances are stationed to advance to a loading point or to the next relay post to replace departed ambulances.

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21
Q

Ambulance Control Point (ACP)

A

A manned traffic regulating point, often stationed at a crossroad or road junction, where ambulances are directed to one of two or more directions to reach loading points and medical treatment facilities

22
Q

Casualty Evacuation (CASEVAC)

A

the movement of casualties aboard nonmedical vehicles or aircraft without en route medical care

23
Q

Medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) - how is it different from CASEVAC?

A

performed by dedicated, medically equipped, and standardized MEDEVAC platforms designed especially for the MEDEVAC mission to provide en route care by trained medical professionals who provide the timely, efficient movement and en route care of the wounded, injured, or ill persons from the battlefield or other locations to MTFs

24
Q

What is a location where a patient is transferred from one ambulance to another en route to a medical treatment facility?

A

Ambulance Exchange Point (AXP)

25
Q

Who does and does not conduct movement of remains?

A
  • Movement of remains is a logistical S4 function
  • is NOT supported by MEDEVAC units or teams
26
Q

Why should the movement of remains on MEDEVAC vehicles be avoided?

A
  • The MEDEVAC vehicles are a low-density asset and must be r esponsive to the supported population
  • As MEDEVAC vehicle transports patients to MTFs, they must return quickly to continue or be prepared to conduct MEDEVAC operations
  • Adverse psychological impact to patients on MEDEVAC vehicles
27
Q

Medical Evacuation Resources

A
  • Maneuver BN Medical Platoon Ambulance Squad
  • Evacuation Platoon: BSMC
  • Evacuation Platoon: MCAS
  • Medical Company: Ground Ambulance
  • Medical Company: Air Ambulance 15 HH-60
28
Q

Maneuver BN Medical Platoon Ambulance Squad

A

Provide ground ambulance, evacuation support from supported infantry/armored companies or from POI back to a CCP or to the Role 1

29
Q

Evacuation Platoon: BSMC

A

Evacuation platoons provide ground ambulance evacuation support from the supported BCT or from the POI to the supporting MTF.

30
Q

Evacuation Platoon: MCAS

A

The ambulance platoon performs ground MEDEVAC and en route patient care for supported units, primarily in support of units at EAB

31
Q

Medical Company: Ground Ambulance

A

Provides MEDEVAC within the theater of operations. Normally assigned or attached to the MMB or a MEDBDE (SPT) for mission command. It is tactically located where it can best control its assets and execute its patient evacuation mission

32
Q

Medical Company: Air Ambulance 15 HH-60

A

Provides aeromedical evacuation support within the brigade and corps. Organic to the GSAB for mission command. Employed as needed in the theater, corps, division, or EAB. It is tactically located where it can best control its assets and execute its patient evacuation mission

33
Q

Platform Considerations

A
  • Evacuation platforms must be capable of keeping pace with the supported unit.
  • Higher role of medical care assets supports forward and evacuates from the lower role or evacuation assets
  • The patient’s medical condition is the overriding factor in determining the evacuation platform and destination MTF
  • The air ambulance operates wherever needed on the battlefield, dependent on risk and METT-TC(I) factors
  • Use of hardened armored MEDEVAC vehicles may be the vehicle of choice for some missions for short evacuation to an MTF or to a secure AXP for transfer to an air or wheeled ground ambulance
34
Q

Medical Evacuation Considerations

A

Always hope for air, always plan for ground

35
Q

Air Ambulances

A
  • May fly as far forward as possible on the battlefield
  • Should be primarily used for URGENT and URGENT-SURG patients
  • The General Support Aviation Battalion (GSAB)/Combat Aviation Brigade (CAB) in coordination with the medical brigade, will position air ambulance assets where they can best support the tactical commander’s plan through the timely and responsive evacuation
36
Q

Categories of Evacuation Precedence

A

Priority I: URGENT
Priority IA: URGENT-SURG
Priority II: PRIORITY
Priority III: ROUTINE
Priority IV: CONVENIENCE

37
Q

Priority I: URGENT

A

Should be evacuated as soon as possible and within a maximum of one hour in order to save life, limb, or eyesight

38
Q

Priority IA: URGENT-SURG

A

Should be evacuated within a maximum of one hour who must receive far forward surgical intervention to save life, limb, or eyesight

39
Q

Priority II: PRIORITY

A

Sick and wounded personnel requiring prompt medical care. This precedence is used when the individual should be evacuated within four hours or if his medical condition could deteriorate to such a degree that he will become an URGENT precedence, or whose requirements for special treatment are not available locally, or who will suffer unnecessary pain or disability

40
Q

Priority III: ROUTINE

A

Sick and wounded personnel requiring evacuation but whose condition is not expected to deteriorate significantly. The sick and wounded in this category should be evacuated within 24 hours

41
Q

Priority IV: CONVENIENCE

A

Patients for whom evacuation by medical vehicle is a matter of medical convenience rather than necessity.

42
Q

What is the mission of the maneuver battalion ambulance squad?

A

Provide ground ambulance, evacuation support from supported infantry/armored companies or from POI back to a CCP or to the Role 1

43
Q

What is the only factor used to determine medical evacuation precedence?

A

The patient’s medical condition

44
Q

What is the mission of the Medical Company, Ground Ambulance?

A

Provides MEDEVAC within the theater of operations. Normally assigned or attached to the MMB or an MEDBDE (SPT) for mission command. It is tactically located where it can best control its assets and execute its patient evacuation mission.

45
Q

9-Line MEDEVAC

A

1) Location of pickup site
2) Radio frequency, call sign, and suffix
3) Number of patients by precedence
4) Special equipment required
5) Number of patients by type
6) Security of pickup site (wartime)
6) Number and type of wound, injury, or illness (peacetime)
7) Method of marking pickup site
8) Patient nationality and status
9) NBC contamination (wartime)
9) Terrain description (peacetime)

46
Q

MEDEVAC Mission Considerations

A
  • Tactical commander’s plan
  • Enemy’s most likely course of action
  • Anticipated patient load
  • Expected areas of patient density
  • Availability of MEDEVAC resources
  • Availability, location, and type of supporting MTFs
  • Adherence to the Geneva Conventions
  • Airspace control plan
  • Obstacle plans
  • Fire support plan
  • Road network/dedicated MEDEVAC routes (contaminated and clean)
  • Weather conditions
47
Q

Patient Acquisition SOP considerations

A
  • Vehicle assignment for the organic medical personnel
  • Vehicles designated to be used for casualty evacuation
  • Procedures for requesting MEDEVAC support
  • Role of the 1SG, platoon sergeants, and combat lifesavers in MEDEVAC
48
Q

Ambulance Route Selection factors

A
  • Tactical mission
  • Coordinating evacuation plans and operations with the unit movement officer
  • Security of routes and security escort
  • Availability of routes
  • Physical characteristics of roads and cross-country routes
  • Requirements to traverse roads in urban areas
  • Traffic density
  • Time and distance factors
  • Proximity of routes subject to enemy fire
  • Lines of patient drift
  • Cover, concealment, and available defilade for moving and stationary vehicles
  • Obstacle plans
  • Fire support plan
49
Q

Evacuation of Military Working Dogs

A
  • Injured or ill military working dogs may be evacuated on any transportation means available. The using unit is responsible for the evacuation of the animal
  • When possible, the handler should accompany the animal during the evacuation to ensure MEDEVAC personnel safety
  • Use of dedicated MEDEVAC assets (air or ground ambulances) is authorized based on mission priority and availability
  • Units requesting MEDEVAC for military working dogs should include the location of veterinary treatment facilities or support units in their request
50
Q

Medical Evacuation of Detainees

A
  • Sick, injured, and wounded detainees are treated and evacuated in military police channels when possible
  • They must be physically segregated from U.S. and multinational (allied) patients
  • Providing guards for the transport of detainees is NOT the responsibility of MEDEVACs units or the MTF
51
Q

Who has the primary responsibility for patient acquisition?

A
  • Units with organic MEDEVAC assets have the primary
    responsibility for patient acquisition.
  • Units without organic ambulance assets are provided MEDEVAC support on an area support basis.
52
Q

Factors determining the Theater Evacuation Policy

A
  • Nature of the operations
  • Number and types of patients anticipated
  • Evacuation means of patients from the theater to CONUS
  • Availability of In-Theater Resource

Army Health System (6 decks)

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