Defects Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 most common causes of a defect?

A
  1. Ground movement
  2. Water ingress
  3. Defective / non performance part of the buildings
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2
Q

What is subsidence?

A

The vertical downward movement of a building caused by the ground beneath the property sinking.

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3
Q

What are the signs of subsidence?

A
  1. Diagonal cracks that are wider than 3mm and located next to doors or windows
  2. They are usually narrow at the bottom and wider at the top
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4
Q

What is heave?

A

Heave is the opposite of subsidence and is where soil beneath the house becomes saturated with water, which causes the soil to expand and pushes the foundations up.

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5
Q

What are the signs of heave?

A
  1. Lifting of paths and patios in the surrounding area

2. Vertical cracking to brickwork

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6
Q

What is settlement?

A

Where the ground below the property becomes compacted, usually within the first 10 years of being built.

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7
Q

What are the 3 common causes damp?

A
  1. Water ingress
  2. No DPC
  3. Poor ventilation
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8
Q

What are the different types of damp?

A
  1. Penetrating damp
  2. Rising damp
  3. Condensation
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9
Q

What is penetrating damp?

A

Where excess water penetrates the external brickwork and transfers to the internal walls.

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10
Q

What are the 5 common causes of penetrating damp?

A
  1. Damaged exterior brickwork
  2. Roof leak
  3. Blocked gutters
  4. Blocked air bricks
  5. Burst pipes
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11
Q

What are the signs of penetrating damp?

A
  1. Damp patches
  2. Spalling of plaster
  3. Black mould
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12
Q

What is rising damp?

A

Rising groundwater through masonry by capillary action - usually as a result of failed DPC.

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13
Q

What are the signs of rising damp?

A
  1. Damp patches which start at the wall and move vertically up to 1 - 1.5m.
  2. Skirting boards that are rotting
  3. Tide marks of salts
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14
Q

What is condensation?

A

When water vapour hits cold surfaces like windows or walls.

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15
Q

What is condensation caused by?

A

Excess moisture in the air from everyday activities coupled with poor ventilation.

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16
Q

What are the signs of condensation?

A
  1. Streaming water on cold surfaces

2. Black mould

17
Q

Why is damp a problem?

A

It can lead to structural problems and also wet rot and dry rot.

18
Q

What are the 4 common defects in office buildings?

A
  1. Structural movement
  2. Damaged cladding
  3. Damp penetration
  4. Water damage from defective air con units / pipes
19
Q

What are the 4 common defects on industrial buildings?

A
  1. Roof leaks around roof lights
  2. Damaged cladding
  3. Blocked gutters
  4. Cut edge corrosion
20
Q

What is spalling?

A

Spalling is where the surface of brickwork or plaster has started to crumble.

21
Q

What are the 4 common defects on period office / shop buildings?

A
  1. Structural movement
  2. Damp penetration
  3. Rising damp
  4. Tile slippage