Construction Styles

Question 1

What methods of construction are you aware of?

Answer 1

1. Steel frame
2. Concrete frame
3. Solid wall
4. Cavity wall
5. Timber frame

Question 2

How would you determine a building’s age?

Answer 2

1. Architectural cues / materials used
2. Construction plans
3. Building regulations approval
4. Ask client

Question 3

When was the Tudor period?

Answer 3

1485 - 1603

Question 4

How would you identify a Tudor building?

Answer 4

1. Exposed timber frame with brickwork and/or stucco facade
2. Steeped pitch roof with multiple gable ends
3. Timber decorative casement windows

Question 5

When was the Georgian period?

Answer 5

1714 - 1837

Question 6

How would you identify a Georgian building?

Answer 6

1. Symmetrical appearance arrange over 2 or 3 storeys
2. Flemish brickwork bonding (solid walls)
3. Sash windows (large windows on ground and first floor with smaller windows on second floor).
4. Bricked up window openings due to a window tax
5. Hipped tiled roof and paired chimney’s
6. Parapet (Small wall built around round to give a rectangular appearance)

Question 7

When was the Victorian period?

Answer 7

1837 - 1901

Question 8

How would you identify a Victorian building?

Answer 8

1. Solid walls
2. Decorative roof ridge
3. Bay windows
4. Virtually no garden (cramped)
5. Internally long and thin (usually one room wide)

Question 9

When was the Edwardian period?

Answer 9

1901 - 1910

Question 10

How would you identify an Edwardian building?

Answer 10

1. Mock tudor timber cladding (usually at the top of the house)
2. Large windows
3. Red brickwork
4. Some had cavity walls, but most were still solid brick

Question 11

When did cavity walls become popular?

Answer 11

1930’s

Question 12

When did cavity walls become popular?

Answer 12

Started to appear in Edwardian buildings, but became popular in the 1930’s.

Question 13

When were concrete pantiles first used?

Answer 13

1920’s, but failed to take off.

Question 14

What is stretcher bonding?

Answer 14

Rows of stretchers of a brick interlocking with each other.

Question 15

What is flemish bonding?

Answer 15

Made by alternately laying stretchers and headers in a single course.

Question 16

What is english bond?

Answer 16

Alternating course of stretchers and headers.

Question 17

What is header bond?

Answer 17

Rows of headers - often used to create curved brickwork.

Question 18

What are the four types of foundation?

Answer 18

1. Strip
2. Raft
3. Piled
4. Pad

Question 19

What determine the foundations to be used?

Answer 19

1. Ground conditions

2. Size of building and loadings required

Question 20

What does a steel portal frame look like?

Answer 20

A skeleton like frame which consists of series of steel columns and pitched rafters that are connected by steel purlins.

It is then infilled with cavity brick / block walls or profiled steel sheet cladding.

Question 21

What does a concrete frame look like?

Answer 21

Skeleton frame which consists of a series of concrete columns and concrete beams.

Concrete frames generally have more columns, lower floor heights and a shorter span between columns.