Deep vein thrombosis?

Question 1

Definiton of venous thrombus embolism?

Answer 1

Where a blood clot develops in blood circulation.

Question 2

Definition of Deep vein thrombosis?

Answer 2

This is where thrombus develops in venous circulation.

Question 3

Pathophysiology of DVT?

Answer 3

Thrombus can travel from deep veins through right side of heart to the lungs. Where it gets stuck and blocks blood flow to the lungs. This is called pulmonary embolism.

If person has atrial septal defect the clot can be passed through left side of heart and travel to brain and cause stroke.

Question 4

Risk factors of DVT AND Pulmonary embolism?

Answer 4

Immobility
Recent surgery
Long haul travel
Pregnancy
Hormone therapy oestrogen
Malignancy
Polycythaemia
Systemic lupus Erythematosus
Thrombophillia

Question 5

What is thrombophilias?

Answer 5

Is predispose patients to blood clots

Question 6

What is venous thrombus embolism prophylaxis?

Answer 6

Low molecular heparin like enoxaparin
shouldn’t be given if patient has active bleeding. or taking warfrin and DOACS

Anti anabolic compression stockings.

Question 7

Presentation of DVT and PE?

Answer 7

Almost always unilateral
calf or leg swelling
Tenderness
Colour changes
Dialated superficial veins
Oedema ( fluid collecting)

Question 8

What is wells score?

Answer 8

Used to predict risk of DVT/PE

Includes risk factors + clinical findings

There are online calculators to work out a score.

Question 9

How to diagnose DVT?

Answer 9

D-dimer test is done to exclude DVT
if increased d - dimer you could have DVT

you then do a doppler ultrasound scan

Question 10

Management of DVT/PE

Answer 10

Initial management:

Anticoagulation medication like apixban /rivaroxaban

long term anticoagulation:

DOACS and warfrins

If pregnant or out of surgery:

Low molecular weight heparin

Inferior venacava filters:

Used to filter the blood + catch blood clots.