deep structures of the neck

Question 1

what are the 4 layers of deep cervical fascia?

Answer 1

1. investing layer
2. pretracheal
3. prevertebral
4. carotid sheath

Question 2

what does the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia enclose?

Answer 2

SCM and trapezius

Question 3

what does the pretracheal fascia enclose?

Answer 3

thyroid gland, trachea and esophagus

Question 4

what does the pre vertebral fascia enclose?

Answer 4

vertebral column and deep muscles of the back

Question 5

where does the carotid sheath extend?

Answer 5

from base of skull to root of neck

Question 6

what are the 5 structures the carotid sheath contains?

Answer 6

common carotid
internal carotid
internal jugular
vagus nerve
deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 7

which structure exits the sheath before giving off its branches in the neck?

Answer 7

external carotid artery

Question 8

what is the superior thoracic aperture?

Answer 8

opening through which structures of neck pass into thorax

Question 9

what are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture or inlet?

Answer 9

1st thoracic vertebra
first ribs and their cartilage
manubrium of sternum

Question 10

what are the 4 arteries that pass through the thoracic aperture?

Answer 10

Brachiocephalic trunk
Internal thoracic
Left common carotid
Left subclavian

BILL

Question 11

what is the vein that passes through the thoracic aperture?

Answer 11

brachiocephalic

Question 12

what are the 4 nerves that pass through the thoracic aperture?

Answer 12

Phrenic
Recurrent laryngeal
Vagus
Sympathetic trunk

People Run Very Slow

Question 13

what are the viscera that pass through the thoracic aperture?

Answer 13

Trachea 
Esophagus
Cervical Pleura
Apex of Lung
Thymus

Question 14

what is the name of a collapsed lung?

Answer 14

atelectasis

Question 15

what does the thymus do?

Answer 15

part of the immune system- produces t-lymphocytes

Question 16

what is the blood supply to the thymus?

Answer 16

internal thoracic artery

Question 17

what innervates the thymus?

Answer 17

stellate ganglion of sympathetic trunk and vagus

Question 18

what does the thyroid gland produce?

Answer 18

thyroxine and calcitonin

Question 19

where does the thyroid gland lie?

Answer 19

C5-T1

Question 20

what are the 3 anatomical variations of the thyroid gland?

Answer 20

pyramidal lobe- 50%
levator glandulae thyroidae- connects isthmus to hyoid
thyroid ima artery- from brachiocephalic trunk, always on right side 10% of people

Question 21

what are the 2 arteries supplying the thyroid gland?

Answer 21

superior and inferior thyroid arteries

Question 22

what are the 3 veins of the thyroid?

Answer 22

superior, middle and inferior

Question 23

what is the innervation of the thyroid gland?

Answer 23

superior, middle and inferior cervical sympathetic ganglia

Question 24

which nerve lies on the posterior surface of the thyroid lobe and then deep to the lobe?

Answer 24

recurrent laryngeal nerve- most important nerve of larynx

Question 25

what do the parathyroid glands do?

Answer 25

calcium homeostasis

Question 26

how many parathyroid glands are there?

Answer 26

usually 4 but varies from 2-6

Question 27

where are the parathyroid glands located?

Answer 27

small ovoid bodies located on posterior surface of thyroid gland

Question 28

what is the blood supply to the parathyroid?

Answer 28

superior and inferior thyroid arteries

Question 29

what is the innervation of the parathyroid glands?

Answer 29

from inferior or middle cervical sympathetic ganglia

Question 30

what is another name for the trachea and where does it begin?

Answer 30

“windpipe”

begins at larynx at C6

Question 31

what are the walls of the trachea supported by?

Answer 31

cartilaginous rings to prevent collapse

Question 32

what is the blood supply to the trachea?

Answer 32

inferior thyroid artery

Question 33

what is the innervation of the trachea?

Answer 33

recurrent laryngeal nerve (sensory and motor)

Question 34

where is the esophagus and what does it do?

Answer 34

begins at C6 and lies posterior to trachea and connects pharynx to stomach