Deep muscles of the back

Question 1

another name for EOP

Answer 1

Inion

Question 2

the landmark of the nuchal ligament is…

Answer 2

the nuchal groove

Question 3

hyoid bone is located at the level of

Answer 3

C3

Question 4

Thyroid cartilage is located at the level of…

Answer 4

C4-C5

Question 5

the first cricoid ring is located at the level of…

Answer 5

C6

Question 6

The level of the iliac crests is located at level…

Answer 6

L4 (supracristal plane)

Question 7

the dimples in the back indicate…

Answer 7

the posterior superior iliac crests

Question 8

Bony structures of the scapula

Answer 8

acromion
coracoid process
glenoid cavity
neck
angles and borders
supra and infraglenoid tubercles 
suprascapular notch
subscapular fossa
spine
supraspinous fossa
infraspinous fossa

Question 9

Bony structures of humerus

Answer 9

head
anatomical neck
surgical neck (more important for Fx)
greater tubercle
lesser tubercle 
intertubercular sulcus
deltoid tuberosity

Question 10

the deep muscle layers are layers…

Answer 10

4-6

Question 11

A little about the spinal accessory nerve

Answer 11

It stems from CN X (vagus). the vagus rami goes ventrally and there is also a dorsal rami that splits off into the cranial root and the spinal accessory nerve (XI)

Question 12

the spinal accessory nerve innervates which two muscles?

Answer 12

Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid–if the nerve is damaged you would see downward and lateral displacement of the scapula.

Question 13

the dorsal scapular nerve innervates which two muscles?

Answer 13

the rhomboids and the levator scapulae (so it elevates, rotates, retracts and holds the scapula to the wall). if it is damaged you will have scapular winging.

Question 14

Intrinsic muscles maintain…

Answer 14

posture

Question 15

intrinsic muscles are innervated by the ____ rami

Answer 15

dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves

Question 16

there are four groups of intrinsic back muscles

Answer 16

spinotransversales, erector spinae, transversospinalis, intersegmental muscles-span one vertebra to adjacent vertebra (ie. interspinalis, levator costae, intertransversarii)

Question 17

the extrinsic back muscles are innervated by the ___rami

Answer 17

ventral primary rami of spinal nerves

Question 18

the spinotransversales muscles are the…

Answer 18

splenius capitis and cervicis (make up the one muscle called the splenius)

Question 19

splenius capitis (O, I, N, A)

Answer 19

O: lower half of nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T3 (like the serratus posterior superior)
I: transverse prcoesses of C1-C3 (so should be deep to levator scapulae)
N: dorsal primary rami
A: extends the head and neck, cervical rotation to same side, cervical lateral flexion

Question 20

the erector spinae group

Answer 20

spinalis, logissimus, iliocostalis

Question 21

erector spinae O I N A

Answer 21

O: sacrum, iliac crest
I: spinous processes (spinalis)
transverse processes and skull (longissimus)
ribs (iliocostalis)
N: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
A: extend (erect) the spine, bend laterally if contract one side

Question 22

the 3 parts of the spinalis

Answer 22

thoracis, cervicis, and capitis

Question 23

the 3 parts of the longissimus

Answer 23

thoracis, cervicis, capitis

Question 24

the 3 parts of the iliocostalis

Answer 24

lumborum, thoracis, cervicis

Question 25

the transversospinalis group

Answer 25

semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores

Question 26

transversospinalis OINA

Answer 26

O&I: between spinous processes and transverse processes and skull (semispinalis capitis)
N: dorsal rami
A: stabilize the vertebral column if they all contract. or rotate or lateral bending of vertebrae if only one segment contracts

Question 27

other deep muscles

Answer 27

levator costarum, intertransversarii, interspinales (mostly function as postural and proprioceptive transducers)

Question 28

suboccipital triangle boundaries

Answer 28

rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis superior and obliquua capitis inferior. (contents: vertebral artery and C1)

Question 29

rectus capitis posterior major and oblique capitis inferior attach to…

Answer 29

the spine of the axis

Question 30

rectus capitis posterior minor attaches at…

Answer 30

posterior tubercle of atlas

Question 31

obliquus capitis superior and inferior attach at…

Answer 31

transverse process of atlas

Question 32

more about the lesser occipital nerve

Answer 32

Arises from cervical plexus, conveying fibers from ventral primary rami of second and third cervical nerves; supplies skin of posterior surface of auricle and adjacent portion of the scalp posterior to auricle.